.


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, ,




 

:

: , P(x) (x a):

P(x) = (x a)Q(x),

(x a), 6 a P(x), . , ,

, , .

 

 

5 :

 

1. :

 

P(x) = xn, P(a) = an,

xn an .

5

P(x) - P(a) = xn an = (x a)Q(x),

,

(xnan)/(xa)=Q(x), .. , .

(xn an)/(x a) = xn-1 + axn-2 + a2xn-3 + +an-2x + an-1.

 

 

2. .

 

P(x) = x2k, P(a) = a2k.

x2k - a2k P(x) P(a).

P(a) = a2k = (-a)2k = P(-a), .. x2k - a2k = P(x) P(-a).

5

P(x) - P(-a) = (x (- a))Q(x)=( + a)Q(x)

,

x2k a2k = (x + a)Q(x)

(x2k a2k)/(x + a) = Q(x),

.. , .

,

(x2k a2k)/(x + a) = x2k-1 ax2k-2 + +a2k-2x + a2k-1.

3. .

 

P(x) = x2k+1 - a2k+1 .

x2k+1 - a2k+1 x + a = x (-a)

R = P(-a) = (-a)2k+1 a2k+1 = -2a2k+1

. . 0, , .

 

 

4. .

P(x) = x2+1, P(-a) = (-a)2+1 = -2+1,

P(x) P(-a) = x2k+1 + a2k+1 .

5

P(x) - P(-a) = x2k+1 + a2k+1= (x (- a))Q(x)= (x + a)Q(x),

,

(x2k+1 + a2k+1)/(x + a) = Q(x),

.. , .

,

(x2k+1 + a2k+1)/(x + a) = x2k - ax2k-1 + - a2k-1x + a2k.

5. .

 

P(x) = x2k + a2k .

x2k + a2k x + a = x (-a)

R = P(-a) = (-a)2k + a2k = 2a2k.

. . 0,

, .

 

 

. .

 

 

1.

x3 3x2 + 6x 5

x 2.

 

R = P3 (2) = 23 3*22 + 6*2 5 = 3.

: R = 3.

 

2.

32x4 64x3 + 8x2 + 36x + 4

2x 1.

 

1

R=P4(1/2)=32*1/2464*1/23 + 8*1/22+36*1/2+4=

= 2 8 + 2 + 18 + 4 =18.

: R = 18.

3.

a

x4 + ax3 + 3x2 4x 4

x 2?

 

R = P4 (2) = 16 + 8a + 12 8 4 = 8a +16.

R = 0,

8a + 16 = 0,

a = -2.

: a = -2.

4.

a b

ax3 + bx2 73x + 102

x2 5x + 6 ?

 

:

x2 5x + 6 = (x 2)(x 3).

x 2 x 3 , x 2 x 3, ,

 

R1 = P3 (2) = 8a + 4b 146 + 102 =

= 8a + 4b 44 = 0

R2 = P3 (3) = 27a+9b 219 + 102 =

= 27a +9b -117 =0

 

:

 

8a + 4b 44 = 0

27a + 9b 117 = 0

 

2a + b = 11

3a + b = 13

 

:

a = 2, b = 7.

 

: a = 2, b = 7.

5.

P(x) = x4 + 4x2 5.

1 P(x), , 2 P(x) (x 1) :

 

 

_x4 + 4x2 5 x 1

x4 x3 x3 + x2 + 5x + 5

_ x3 + 4x2 5

x3 x2

_ 5x2 5

5x2 5x

_ 5x 5

5x 5

0

 

 

P(x)/(x 1) = x3 + x2 + 5x + 5,

P(x) = (x 1)*(x3 + x2 + 5x + 5).

 

x3 + x2 + 5x + 5 x = -1 , , 2 x3 + x2 + 5x + 5 (x + 1) :

 

 

_x3 + x2 +5x + 5 x + 1

x3 + x2 x2 +5

_5x + 5

5x + 5

0

(x3 + x2 +5x + 5)/(x + 1) = x2 +5,

x3 + x2 +5x + 5 = (x +1)(x2 +5).

P(x) = (x 1)(x +1)(x2 +5).

 

7 (x2 + 5) , .. , P(x) .

 

: x4 + 4x2 5 = (x 1)(x +1)(x2 +5).

 

7.

P(x) = x4 + 324.

 

P(x) , .. x4 -324, , 7 P(x) .

 

: .

 

 

8.

2

P(x) = x5 - 5x4 + 7x3 2x2 + 4x 8.

 

: P(x) (x a)k, (x a)k+1 , , a k P(x).

 

_x5 - 5x4 + 7x3 2x2 + 4x 8 x 2

x5 - 2x4 x4 3x3 + x2 + 4

_-3x4 + 7x3 2x2 + 4x 8

-3x4 + 6x3

_x3 2x2 + 4x 8

x3 2x2

_4x 8

4x 8

0

_x4 3x3 + x2 + 4 x 2

x4 2x3 x3 x2 x 2

_-x3 + x2 + 4

-x3 +2x2

_-x2 + 4

-x2 + 2x

_-2x + 4

-2x + 4

0

_ x3 x2 x 2 x 2

x3 2x2 x2 + x + 1

_x2 x 2

x2 2x

_x 2

x 2

0

x2 + x + 1 x 2 , .. R=22 + 2 + 1=7.

, P(x)/(x 2)3 = x2 + x + 1, .. 2 3 P(x).

 

: 2 3 P(x).

 

 

9.

, 4 2 -2.

 

3, P(x) 4 2 2, (x 4)2(x + 2),

P(x)/(x 4)2(x + 2) = Q(x),

.. P(x) = (x 4)2(x + 2)Q(x) =

= (x2 8x +16)(x + 2)Q(x) =

= (x3 8x2 + 16x +2x2 16x + 32)Q(x) =

= (x3 6x2 + 32)Q(x).

 

(x3 6x2 + 32) - , P(x) , , Q(x) .

Q(x) = 1, P(x) = x3 6x2 + 32.

 

: x3 6x2 + 32.

 

 

9.

a b , -2 P(x) = x5 + ax2 + bx + 1, .

 

-2 P(x) , 3 P(x) (x + 2)2 (R = 0)

(x + 2)2 = x2 + 4x + 4

 

_x5 + ax2 + bx + 1 x2 + 4x + 4

x5 + 4x4 + 4x3 x3 4x2 + 12x (a + 32)

_ -4x44x3ax2+bx+1

-4x4 16x3 16x2

_ 12x3 + (16 a)x2 + bx + 1

12x3 +48x2 + 48x

_ -(a + 32)x2 + (b 48)x + 1

-(a + 32)x2 4(a + 32)x 4(a + 32)

(4a +b 48 + 128)x + 4a + 129

R = (4a +b 48 + 128)x + 4a + 129 =

= (4a +b + 80)x + 4a + 129

R = 0,

(4a +b + 80)x + 4a + 129 = 0 x.

,

4a +b + 80 = 0,

4a + 129 = 0

:

       
   


4a +b + 80 = 0 a = -32,25

4a + 129 = 0 b = 49

: a = -32,25, b = 49.

 

 

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.., ..

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2. .

 

3. .., ..

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4. .., - .., ..

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5. ..

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