.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





1. ................................................................ 3

........................................................................................................ 5

2. ............................................................................................ 6

1. ..................................................................................................... 6

2. ....................................................................................................................... 9

3. .......................................................................................................................... 19

3. ......................................................................................................................................... 21

4. .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 26

..................................................................................................................................................................... 26

...................................................................................................................................................... 27

.............................................................................................................................................................. 27

................................................................................................................................................................ 27

................................................................................................................................................................ 27

5. ........................................................................................................... 28

6. ................................................................................................... 31

......................................................................................................... 31

1. ......................................................................................................................... 32

2. ................................................................................................................... 33

3. .................................. 33

4. ....................................................................................................... 33

5. .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 33

I. ....................... 34

II. ........................................................ 35

..................................................................................................................... 35

......................................................................................................................................................... 36

- ............................................................................................................................. 36

7. .................................................................................................................... 51

8. ........................................................................................................................ 56

9. ..................................... 61

¨ :.......................................................................................................................................... 62

¨ :................................................................................................................................... 62

:................................................................................................................................................ 62

- (step down method)........................................................................................... 63

............................................................................................................................................ 64

10. . .......... 66

I. ............................................................................................... 66

II. .............................................................................................................. 67

................................................................................................................................................ 68

......................................................................................................................................................... 70

11. ( -) 72

12. () -................................................................................ 74

13. .................................................. 76

14. ................................................................................................ 79

, ................................ 80

1. ........................................................................................................................................ 81

15. ................................................................................................. 84

4 :................................................................................................................................................................. 96


1.

 

 


 

 

:

. - , , . , . , , .

, , ( , .) , .

. ( .) , , .

, :

- -:

- :

- : , .

 

 
 

 


1. .

 

 
 
 
  = +
  , , ,
  ,
  (),
  ( )
  () , , ..
  , . - . , 3
  , .
  , . .

 

 

80
:

46 (

- )

47, 48






:


: 2015-11-23; !; : 599 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1793 - | 1608 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.013 .