12.1.
, ( ). (K2O*3Al2O3*6SiO2*2H2O) (K2O*3Al2O3*6MgO*6SiO2*2H2O).
, . , , , . , , , .
: ε = 6.8 8.4; tgδ= 3*10-4; ρv =1014 1016*; =120 . 500-600.
: ε = 5.5 6.7; tgδ= 5*10-4; ρv =1013 1014*; =120 . (800-900).
, . , .
, , , , .
1-2%. - , , . ( 5) .
, ( ), ( ( ), ( ( ).
( ) , , , , . , , , , . , , .
. , 800, , . , - .
, .
, , ε' tgδ .
. , .
12.2.
. SiO2, 2, 2, ,
Na2B4O7, , , . , , . , (2, 2, S) , , , . , .
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, . 100-200 .
. . SiO2, B2O3, P2O5, GeO2, As2O5 . , . 6 - S, Se, , (, 4As2Se3 * As2Te3; As2Se3 * Sb2Se3).
Na2O, K2O, , ( ), PbO, ZnO, A12O3.
SiO2 , 2 . , :
1) Na2O, K2O, ; , , , , , 7, 12, 14, 20, 71, 707, -5, 8 .;
2) ; , b, , - ;
3) - , , 24, 19, -6.
, . . (400-1600). SiO2. αl (0,5 150)*10-7 1/.
αl . . - :
σ = 100 - 300 /, σ = (6 21)*103 /,
, σ , . , . , . , αl αl .
, αl , , . , ( ; Cr2O3 ; MgO2 , ; VO3 ). , . : , , , . , . . . . Na2 * m * SiO2 (m=1,5 4,2) , ( ). , , . .
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: ε = 5 7.5; tgδ= 0.003 0.006; ρv =107 108*;
:
ε = 5.7 7.5; tgδ= 0.001 0.003; ρv =1010 1012*;
: ε = 3.2 8.8; tgδ= 6 * 10-4 10-3; ρv =1013 1015*;
E = 50 /, αε = (30 500)*10-6 1/.
SiO2. , Na2O ρv , K2O. , . , .1[2].
tgδ .. . , - , ( ).
, , . - , . . , , . . Ag, Ni, ( U = 1B 1 ). .
, , . . : 27% Pb, 70% H3BO3, 3% MgO2. - , . SiO2. , . , t =600C. .
. ( 20 ) , . , 3-7 . , .
(). , , . . ε 1010 .
tgδ ε . 2- 4[3].
, ( ) - .
, 10-3 1013 *. . (30 400).
4 As2Se3 ε =12,25; tgδ = 10-2-10-3 ρv =1013*.
4As2Se3*As2Se3: ε =14,1; tgδ =10-2-10-3 ρv =3,6*109*.
4As2Se3*2As2Se3: ε =20; tgδ =10-2-10-3 ρv =106*.
.
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- "" - . - . : (, , , , , ), , , , , , , , . , . , . . . . , , . , , , . , . - . :
- t <500 ;
- 500C <t <1200 C;
- t>1200C.
.
. (ε, tgδ, αl) . ( , ) . , , tgδ .
:
- , ε, , , , , , ;
- , ε, tgδ, ;
- (), , .
:
) , 25% , 25% , 25% SiO2, tgδ;
) ; 40% , 52%
SiO2; 8% BaCO3; ; :
ε =6-6,5; tgδ =3*10-4 E =20 /;
) , Ba, Al, Si, ;
BaO SrO tgδ; : ε =8-8,5; tgδ =3*10-4 E =20 30 /.
;
) ,
g, Si, Ba, Ca, Sr; ρv, ps, ; ; : ε =6-7; tgδ =(3-6)*10-4 E >20-30 /, ρv =1012 *
) - ; Al2O3 Al2O3 * 2SiO2, : ε =6,8-7,4; tgδ =(14-18)*10-4 E =30-35 / ρv =1013-1014 *;
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) ; (BaO * Al2O3 * 2SiO2), BaCO3, , ; ; , .
CaTiO3, TiO2, SrTiO3, CaSnO3, :
- CaTiO3 TiO2:
ε =70-150; tgδ =(3-5)*10-4 E = 10-12 /, ρv =1011-1013 *;
αε = (-1300)*10-6 1/
- - SrTiO3:
ε =20-40; tgδ =(3-4)*10-4 E = 8-10 /, ρv =1012-1013 *;
αε = -(20-40)*10-6 1/
- CaSnO3:
ε =14-16; tgδ =(3-4)*10-4 E = 10-12 /, ρv =1012-1013 *;
αε =30*10-6 1/
αl .
:
) , ;
) (98% Al2O3, , ); ; Al2O3 (); :
ε =9-10; tgδ =(3-5)*10-4 E = 15-20 /, ρv =1016-1017 *;
, . - - , , ε, tgδ 1010 .
ε, tgδ . 1- 5.
[4]
1. ( . .. )
.: . 1978
2. .. . : -
. - 1980
3. .. . . .:
. 1977
4. .., .. . -
: . 1977 (212)
5. .., .. -
Ĕ .
: . 1981 (546)
6. .., .., .. -
. : . 1993 (1388)
7. . ( . .. -
). : . 1982
8. .. . .: .
9. .., .. .
.: . 1986
10. .., . -
. .: . 1976
11. .. . -
. .: . - 1978
12. .. . . .: . - 1974
13. .. . .: . -
14. .. -
. .: . 1980
[5]
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]