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MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter) ;
HGC (Hercules Graphics Card) ;
CGA (Color Graphics Adapter)
EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter) ;
VGA (Video Graphics Array) ³ ;
SVGA (Super VGA) VGA;
XGA (eXtended Graphics Array).
IBM | .
3.5.1. SVGA
XGA 8514/A IBM VGA, , IBM. ֳ Super VGA, SVGA.
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SVGA , VGA. SVGA . SVGA VGA. ' (.4).
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BIOS (Basic Input/Output System /);
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, DAC (Digital to Analog Converter). ( ) , VGA, ;
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. 5. ATI RADEON 9700 PRO ³.
3.7.1. BIOS
³ BIOS, BIOS, . BIOS . BIOS , BIOS, ROM. , . , BIOS , , BIOS. BIOS POST - .
3.7.2.
, , - . . , , , , . , , , .
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3.7.3. ³
', AGP ' ' ' ' (Unified Memory Architecture UMA). - , .
³ ' ' , . ' ' , ( 64 128 ) ' ', , . , ' ' , | AGP, .
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3.
| ³ | ||
| FPM DRAM (Fast Page-Mode RAM) | ISA | |
| EDO DRAM (Extended Data Out DRAM) | ||
| SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) | ³ PCI/AGP | |
| SGRAM (Synchronous Graphics DRAM) | PCI/AGP | |
| DDR (SDRAM) | AGP | |
| DDR-II SDRAM (4- DDR SDRAM) | AGP |
' VRAM, WRAM MDRAM SGRAM, SDRA, DDR DDR II SDRAM '. , ' ' 32 .
' SDRAM
' Pentium III, Pentium 4, Athlon Duron ' SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM). SDRAM . ' 200 , 䳿 SGRAM. ' SDRAM NVIDIA GeForce2 MX ATI RADEON VE.
' SGRAM
' SGRAM (Synchronous Graphics RAM) . SDRAM, ( 200 ). SGRAM SDRAM, ' DDR SDRAM.
' DDR SDRAM
' SDRAM. 133 . DDR SDRAM , NVIDIA GeForce 4 GeForce 3 Ti, ATI RADEON 9000/8000.
' DDR/II SDRAM
' DDR_II SDRAM 4 , DDR SDRAM, 2 . , . , DDR_II, NVIDIA GeForce FX, 2002 .
3.7.4. '
³ (GPU) | ', 䳺 .
3.7.5.
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3.7.6.
(RAMDAC) , ', , . ; , . 500 .
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3.7.7.
, VGA MCA, XGA XGA-2. ' (ISA, EISA MCA). ISA 16 , 8,33 . EISA MCA 32 , 10 . 1992 Intel PCI, . PCI . ³, PCI, , VLBus. PCI 㳿 Plug and Play .
(AGP). , Intel. , 16 , PCI. , AGP PCI, . ' '.
AGP 1x, 2x, 4x 8x. AGP 1 66 266 /, 32- PCI. AGP 2 133 533 /. AGP 4 1 /.
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4.1. .
4.2.
4.3. , :
4.4. ( LG FLATRONez T710PH, NVIDIA GetForce2 MX/MX 400).
4.5. , .
4.6.
4.7. -800600, (32 ), - 60 ʻ
4.8.
4.9. : 800600, (32 ), 85
4.10.
4.11. : 800600, (32 ), 100
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4.20.
4.21.
5. .
5.1.
5.2. ?
5.3. -?
5.4. -
5.5.
5.6. ?
5.7.
5.8. ?
5.9. ?
5.10. ?
5.11. ?
5.12. ?
5.13. ?
5.14. ?
5.15. ?
5.16. LCD-?
5.17. ?
5.18. ?
5.19. ?
5.20. - LCD-
5.21. - LCD-
5.22.
5.23.
5.24. ?
5.25. ?
5.26. BIOS
5.27. ?
5.28. ?
5.29. ?
5.30. ?
5.31. ?
5.32.
5.33.
5.34.
˳.
6.1. 1 2003
6.2. .., .., .., .. , IBM PC. ̲Ҕ, 2003.
6.3. ., . PC 4- - - 2003
6.4. . . , 2002.
