.


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:

a 0, a 1,..., an, b 0, b 1,..., bn .
, (n < m), (n ≥ m) . ,
, .
, .. .
:
1) ;
2) (n > 1 );
3) ;
4) (n > 1 , p 2 4 q < 0, .. , ).

1.1.1
:
1) .
2) .
3) .

1.1.2
:
:
: .
1) .

2) , + 2 . t.

3) .

4) , t , .


,

1.1.3
. . , , .
.

(3) (1), . .

,

1.1.4
Qm (x) ( ) ( ) (x 2 + px + q). , Qm (x), , . .
1) ( ).
, , .
(n < m)
2) , .
r

A 1, A 2,..., Ar-1, Ar , .
3) (x2 + px + q) , , .
(x 2 + px + q) , .. D = p 2 4 q < 0. , .

, .


, .
1. :


, . .

,

() :

. .
. x 1 = a 1, x 2 = a 2,..., xk = ak, (x 1 a 1), (x 2 a 2),...,(xk ak). x 3 x 2 2 x = 0.
x:
x 3 x 2 2 x = x (x 2 x 2).
, , x 1 = 0.
x 2 x 2 = 0 x 2 = 1 x 3 = 2. , x 3 x 2 2 x = x (x 2 x 2) = x (x + 1)(x 2). (x a), .. . . :

, (1)


A, B, C .
. (1) :

, :

, , :

x + 2 = A (x + 1)(x 2) + Bx (x 2) + Cx (x + 1) (2)


A, B, C . , x ( ). . , : x 1 = 0, x 2 = 1, x 3 = 2. (2).

. (1)

:

,

2. :
.

, . .
1) .
x 3 x 2 x + 1 = x 2 (x 1) (x 1) = (x 1)(x 2 1) = (x 1)(x 1)(x + 1) = (x 1)2 (x + 1).
2) . (x + 1) (x 1)2, (x 1) 2 . (x + 1) , (x 1)2 . :
+ .
3) A, B C. .
+ .

x + 5 = A (x 1)2 + B (x 1)(x + 1) + C (x + 1) (3)

. , .

, , . . , , , .
, (3):
x + 5 = A (x 1)2 + B (x 1)(x + 1) + C (x + 1) = A (x 2 2 x + 1) + B (x 2 1) + C (x + 1).
, , , .

, . , , :
A + = 0;
1 + = 0 => = 1.

:

4) , .


3. .

. , 2 . , :

. :

1 = x (x 1)2 + B (x 1)2 + Cx 2(x 1) + Dx 2.
, :

, . :
1 = x (x 1)2 + B (x 1)2 + Cx 2(x 1) + Dx 2 = (x 3 2 x 2 + x) + B (x 2 2 x + 1) + C (x 3 x 2) + Dx 2.
, .
x 3: 0 = + C;
x 2: 0 = 2 + B C + D.
, B D, :

:
= 2 => = 2.
= 2.
:

:

4. .

. x 2 2 x + 10 , .. D = 4 40 < 0, , .
, (x + 2) (x 2 2 x + 10). :
.
,
4 x 10 = A (x 2 2 x + 10) + (Bx + C)(x + 2) = 4 x 10 = A (x 2 2 x + 10) + Bx 2 + Cx + 2 Bx + 2 C.
x = 2:
x = 2| 18 = 18 A => A = 1.
:
x 2: 0 = A + B;
x 1: 4 = 2 A + C + 2 B.
:

= 1, , C = 0.
,
.


.



:

, . , , , . .
1.
2.
3.
4.



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