: ( -9- , 1733Na).
, * . , , , , , . .
, . , , . , , ( ) . .
, , , , . , (-), , . , (). . 7.1 . , , 1225ΖSO3Na, "" 1225, "" OSO3. , , , .
1-10 50-100 . . 7.1 ) , . 7.2 , (1936 ). , , 3 . , , , .
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(), ( ) , . , ( -). , , . , - , - . , . , . , , . , 50 70 % , - , Na+ + Cl Br . , .
, . . , , 1225SO3Na, ͖(2)12 і 1.09 Å і 1.54 Å (Å , . .). 12 і і , L L = 12×1.54 + 1.09 = 19.57 Å ( R 2.0 ). , 180, , .
L = 1.5 + 1.265× N, [Å] (7.1)
N . L = 16.7 Å (R 1.7 ).
, , . , , (. 7.2) . , , , . 7.3 . , (7.1) . , 100-150 % . - . , , , .
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, . , , , . , , . , . - , , .
, . , . , , , . , . , . , , , , , . () . , , . , 0.10.5 / ( ), , NaCl, KBr, CaCl2 .. , ( ) (. . 7.3 ), . , - . , "", , .
, , . ( , ), . ( ), , , . , , . . , .
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, : , 40- , ( ), 70- 20 . (. 7.4). S , , . , . - D, G, . , . , , .
, *, . ( ) , , .
, . , . , - , . , . , ( ). - ( ). D, RH -
, RH.
RH ( ) . "" , .
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. , , . . , 50- 60- (. 7.5). , 45, 90 135. , , . , , , . ( , .)
. , , . D, I T:
, (7.2)
I 0 . , , I T I S ( , ):
I T = I 0 I S (7.3)
:
(7.4)
. , , :
i s= I × K × V 2×n, (7.5)
V , n - , , :
, (7.6)
n 0 n 1 , ; l 0 - (, , , l, l 0 = l / n 0 ).
(7.5) i s , , , 1 . , , . l,
I s = I ×K×V 2×n× l (7.5)
(7.5) (7.4) . , (7.4) :
:
, I S << I 0 I S/ I 0 << 1. :
D ×ln10 = I S << I 0 (7.7)
(7.5) (7.7) (7.8), , . -, , t (7.9). , n, , . V ×n f (7.10). , . , r . ( ) (7.11), (7.12). , (7.8) (7.11), :
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t = K×V 2×n = K×V×f = K×V×c / r M
:
, (7.13)
:
R = (7.14)
(7.13) , , . , , (102 ¸ 101 /), (7.13) t / , .
, , . -, , , D I S, - 7.2 . . 7.6 , x, y, z . 1 d, "" , 2a. I , D I S, . 1/d, , D I S I S ( ). , , , y-z (. 7.6 ). D I S , , 1/d 50 % I S, . ( 100-1000 ), , y-z. , - DIS, , 50 % I S. , . 100 , , .
, , , . , , , / . , , . , - .
10 / -2. 10 .
5-6 ~1 /. . ,
, : | ||||||
, : | - | |||||
, /: | 1.5 | |||||
, 20 , , 2 1.5 .
-2 . ( , ), . , . , , , . . .
4 ( l = 440 ). . . ( "" "") D. . , , . .
: , , ( ), .
1. ( . 7.1). (7.12), t (7.9) (t/c); . , 1.0 / . ( 304.45).
2. c (t / c ) ( c ); . , , . - (t / c ) c .
3. (7.6). l ; n0 (. 4), , . 9-, C18H36, 1.4470.
4. , (7.13) (7.14). r 9- . 20 0.7916 /3.
5. , . L 7.1. =, . , , (. 7.7). . :
2 = 2 + 2 2××s113
L + . , » ѻ L /2.
,
(7.15)
L , ( 7.1)
6. , (- 7.15)
1. ? ?
2. ?
3. ? .
4. ? ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. , , ?
8. , , ?
9. , (, )?
10. ? ?
11. ?
12. ?
13. , .
14. , , , . ?
15. ~1 /. , 0.01 /?
16. 10 /. , , 100 /? ( ).
17. 440 , ( ). ( ) ?
18. , . ?
19. ? ?
.., .., .., .., .. . . 2. : 1986, . 9.
Chevalier Y., Zemb T. The structure of micelles and microemulsions. Reports on Progress of Physics 1990, vol. 53, p.279-371 ( ).
Ramnath N, Ramesh V, Ramamurthy V. The structure of micelles A review. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research 1985, vol. 44, 199-208 ( ).
Dickinson E., Stainsby G. Colloids in food. L: Applied Science 1982, Chapter 4 ( ), Chapter 5 ( ).
. . ( .) : 1965, 5 ( ).
. 1. . ( .. ). ( .) : 1955, 3 ( ).
Tanford C. Micelle shape and size. Journal of Physical Chemistry 1972, vol. 76, 3020-3024 ( 7.1)
Abrahamsson S., Ryderstedt-Nahringbauer I. The crystal structure of the low-melting form of oleic acid. Acta Crystallographica 1962, vol. 15, 1261-1268 ( )
Beilstein Handbuch der Organischen Chemie. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag 1920-1976 ( 9-)
. 7.1 : (a) , () ,
. 7.2 . () (). . () . .
. 7.3 . ) ; ) ; ) . .
. 7.4 .
. 7.5 . - 45, 90 135.
. 7.6 - D x,y,z () Ix, Iy, Iz R << l () ( )
. 7.7 : () - ; () b. .
* , , , . , , , . , -.
* dm . , r -, dm, . , J .