.


:




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: .

 

 

- () . , , , . . , 8 20 . , . , , , .

. . , . . A W, :

A + W(.) A(.) + W (5.1)

(.) .

, , ( - ), , - . . , , , (. . 7.2 7.3). , . 1 10 . , , . , . 50 100.

, . , . , , . , , . , , . , ( ), .

. , , , - , , - . (). 1 , . , , .

. , , , , , /. , . ; , , - , .

, , ,

nA An (5.2)

An - n.

. ( " ").

2H3COOH (H3COOH)2 (5.3)

і - = . 2, , n = 50-100.

, (5.2). :

, (5.4)

[ ] . , An, , ,

= [ A ] + n [ An ] (5.5)

, :

x = n [ An ]/ (5.6)

[ An ] = x / n, [ A ] = (1 x) C

(5.7)

x - n, :

(5.8)

x. . 5.1 ) n = 2 100 . . 5.1 ) . , n = 2 2 , . n = 100, 100 ~ 0.09 / (9×105 /), , 0.09 /. , 1 x - 1 , > ~ 0.09 /, (. 5.1 ). , 0.09 /, "" .

n , , , x , n. n, n = 2 (. 5.1 ), . n = 2 100 . 5.1 , , x .

, (5.2) , (5.4). . -, , n . -, - , n (5.4, 5.7 5.8).

10 0.1 / ( 102 104 /). . , , :

- ;

- (, , );

- , (, , );

- (, NaCl ).

, , ( ) ( ) . - , , .

 

 

. , - J () < , > , J = j(). , () j(), . . 5.2.

( ). ( < ) , . > , . , .

. , , , , - (5.2) . , , - , : , (. . 5.2). , , - , . , .

, , ( ). - . < , , l = l¥ Ö. > , , , < . . -, . -, , (. . 7.2 7). , - , . , > ( ) , [ A ] (. 5.1 ), ( ) , 1 x - .

. , Na+ Na+ -. , > , - . ( ) , .

. G . (3.6) , , . s 3.5, :

(5.9)

< , [ A ] = . (5.9) s

, (5.10)

s 0 .

,

b (5.1) ().

³ , - , = . d ln [ A ] (5.9) . (5.9) :

(5.10)

, s < ³ . (5.10 5.10) . - . . < s . . , . - . , (5.10) s .

, s < > , , < (. . 5.2). , , - > . , s , s .

. , . (1863 ), (mg), , 2p R s:

mg = 2p Rs (5.11)

R . , , , , "". , . 5.3, , . , . , Y

mg = 2p Rs×Y, (5.11)

R v:

Y = (5.12)

(. 5.4).

, n, . , , ( . 5.3 ). , , , . n. V, v mg

v = V/n (5.13)

mg = v×r×g (5.14)

r - . (5.14) (5.11)

(5.15)

V, (5.13), . . , . R :

, (5.16)

( ). Y R, , . 5.1. , R . ( R ''') R .

(5.11) , , , . . -, . , . , . 5.3, . /, , . , ¥: =

vm , r , . , , , . / , . . , , ( , ..). 80 % , , .

 

 

1. 1733Na 1.00 / ~ 0.1 /. , :

, :            
, : -          
, /:   0.5 0.3 0.177 0.1 0.05

, 1 . , V, . ( , V 1.103 3)

2. ( ), , , 10 , . 5-10 / .

3. , , . ( ) . , , . n .

1 . , , .

4. , . 2 3 .

 

 

1. n (. . 5.2) .

2. v 0 ( = 0) 5.13, . R , . 5.1. s 0 r 0 , , . 4.2 4 . Y R (. 5.3). Y . 5.4. , R i R i-1 e = , 0.5 %. , R .

3. 5.13 . (. . 5.4). . 5.4 Y . v Y s 5.15. r , 5.15, , 0.1 / ( 4, . 4.3)

4. s . , . (. 5.5), , . , , , , . 5.5: , ( , ).

5. (/) .

 

 

1. ? ?

2. ?

3. ?

4. ?

5. ?

6. ? ?

7. ?

8. ? , ?

9. ? , , ?

10. ? .

11. , ?

12. s ? ?

13. ?

14. s? , ?

15. ?

 

 

.., .., .., .., .. . . 1. : 1986, . 5.

Berthod A. Structures physico-chimiques des milieux disperses, micelles, emulsions et microemulsions. Journal de chimie physique 1983, vol. 80, p. 407-424 ( ).

. . (. .) : 1979, 1 ( s), 11 ( ).

Dickinson E., Stainsby G. Colloids in food. L: Applied Science 1982, Chapter 4 ( ).

- .. . 2. (. .) : 1962, 19 ( s).

Micelles, membranes, microemulsions, and monolayers. (Ed. W.M. Gelbart, A. Ben-Shaul, D. Roux) N.Y.: Springer-Verlag, 1994, Chapter 1 ( 5.2)

Harkins W.D., Brown F.E. The determination of surface tension (free surface energy), and the weight of falling drop. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1919, vol. 41, 499-524 ( . 5.4)

.., .., .. , . 1970, 32, 327-332 ( . 5.5)

 

. 5.1 (, ) (x, ) (1x) . ( /) () n = 100.

 

. 5.2 J ( )

 

. 5.3 , . , .

 

. 5.4 Y . > 0.3 (), < 0.3 . ()

 

. 5.5 () , . , .

 


 


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