(n) , (, , , , , .) .
.
, (, , , , .), 12 12, 6,021023.
(6,021023) . -1.
, , , , , , .
1 . /.
, (2) = 18 /, (NaOH) = 40 /, (HNO3) = 63 /.
, , , - - .
, .
1 , .. 6,021023 . (f.), ( ), (). /.
, , - - .
, .
f.() = , z -
- - ; -, ;
- , - .
:
, | , |
( )= () ( Al2O3)= 102= 17(/) | |
( )= () ( H2SeO4)= 145=72,5(/) | |
( )= () ( Ca(OH)2)= 74=37(/) | |
( )= () ( Fe2(SO4)3)= 400=66,67(/) |
:
H2SO4 + NaOH = NaHSO4 + H2O
H2SO4 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2H2O
H2SO4 , , ( 1, f= ), ( 2, f= ).
|
|
( H2SO4)=1 (H2SO4)=98 (/)
( H2SO4)= (H2SO4)=49(/)
- .
, :
, .
f(Na) = 1/1, f(S) = 1/2.
:
(Na) = f(Na) M(Na);
Ar (Na) = 23, M(Na) = 23 /, (Na) = (1/1)23 = 23 (/);
(S) = f(S) M(S);
Ar (S) = 32, M (S) = 32 /, (S) = (1/2)32 = 16 (/).
.
.
=
:
= ,
.. :
n 1 = n 2
, , :
,
( ).
, , (1,0 .), 0,1 - (0,1 .), 0,01 (0,01 .)
.
1. .
1. (II) 1,5051023 ?
. - (II), , :
(-) =
(II) u(OH)2, -. ,
(Cu(OH)2) = .
2. .
1. 28,57% . .
. m(Me) m(O)
= (1)
100 , m(O)=28,57 m(Me)=71,43. ()=8/, 1 :
()=
3. .
1. 2,14 2 (..). .
.
(2)
. (Me) = ; . (H2) = , (3)
(H2) ,
;
Vm .., 22,4 /.
|
|
(2) (3)
,
.
4. .
1. 3,85 1,6 . .
.
= (4)
M1 = M(Me) + M(NO3-) = M(Me) + 62
M2 = M(Me) + M(OH-)= M(Me)+17
(4)
= = .
M(Me),
M(Me)=15/.
5. .
1. 1 .. 1,175 . .
. 22,4 ,
() = 1,175 22,4 = 26,32 (/).
1 6,02 1023 ,
m=
6. - .
1. . .
. , , - - .
:
, .
f(Al) = 1/3, f(S) = 1/2.
, 1 - 1 - . :
(Al) = f(Al) M(Al);
Ar (Al) = 27; M(Al) = 27 /; (Al) = 1/327 = 9 /;
(S) = f(S) M(S);
Ar (S) = 32; M(S) = 32 /; (S) = 1/232 = 16 /.