, , . , .
:
1) (, , );
2) , .
, .
, . .
, . , , , (, , ..); (, , , ), , , ..
: (, ), , , ..
, . , , , , , .. , , , , , .
, . , .
, ( ).
(, , , ) (, , ) .
:
N = Q/(q*s*k), (7)
Q - , (/, 3/, /, /);
q - , , Q;
s - ( ); s , 0,9.
k - , (, , ..). k [0,8 - 0,9].
|
|
( N 1) k :
k = Q/(N 1*s*q) (8)
k , , q.
.
¨
, 30 () , 3.
(3) 30000/0,6857 = 43750 , 0,6857 , 3 (240 ) 8 (350 ): 240/350 = 0,6857.
, :
: 30 , 10- . - 43750/(8 *60 ) = 91 . : 20*91 = 1820 , 20 - ( ), . 3, , 710 . 1820/710 = 2,6 . , -2 - . 2*710/91 = 16 . (-4 4 ) 4*710/91 = 31 , .
5
, | , | ||
:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
:
"1" - - 16 .
"2" - - 10 .
"3" - - 5 .
"4" - - 15 .
"5" - - 30 .
"6" - - 20 .
"7" - - 5 .
, 2, 3 .. :
1
|
|
|
, 1 7. , 7 .
¨
:
N = Q*T/m, (9)
Q - , , ;
T - (, , , );
m - , , Q.
, Q /, T , m .
:
(91 *(16+10+5+15+30+20+5 = 101 )
N = = 6,5
(2 *710 1 )
7 .
, , :
- > 8 ,
- > 16 ,
Q.
() , :
m = n*M, (10)
n - , ;
M - , , .
( N 1) k :
k = N/N 1 (11)
k [0,9-1]. m.
, .. , .
( ) () ( ). , , , 0,25 - 0,5 .
, , :
V = m/(ρ*k), (12)
V - , 3;
m - , ;
ρ - , /3;
k - , :
- k = 0,92-0,95;
- k = 0,75-0,85;
- k = 0,5-0,6.
.
.
, , , :
V = m/(ρ*k), (13)
V - , 3;
m - , ;
ρ - , /3;
k - (0,80,9).
6
, /3 | |
1. , : | |
- | 850-900 |
- | 800-850 |
- | 700-750 |
2. | 410-460 |
3. | 650-800 |
4. | 1025-1365 |
5. | |
6. , | 250-300 |
7. | |
8. : | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
9. | 300-500 |
10. | 600-900 |
11. | |
12. |
|
|
. , , .. , , 500 . , 500 .
, .
50 - 400 ( ).
( 3) :
V = m/r, (14)
m - , ;
r - , /3;
:
H = H/, (15)
H - , ;
H - , ;
- ( = 0,8-0,9).
H .
, , (L) (B).
, , , .
10 80025060 . - . 0,05 . , 0,25*2+0,05*2 = 0,6 . 0,8+0,05*2 = 0,9 . 100 , : 100/(10 *2 ) = 5 . 0,15 , 0,05 . 5*0,06 + 4*0,05 + 2*0,15 = 0,8 .
, (N), (V):
V = V + V (16)
:
V = N*V (17)
:
V = M*n/r (18)
M , , ;
n (, 1:2 n = 2);
r - , /3.
. , , .
, , 0,1 , - 0,1 , - 0,1 , - 0,2 .
:
B = N`*B + 0,1*(N`+1) (19)
N` - , .
:
H = H + 0,3 (20)
, , :
L = V/(*) (21)
, .
|
|
5. 20 , : 10 , 30 , 15 , 10 , 10 .
. , (9).
Q , . , , 1 . , , ., , 1000 190 /. 90 /*20 = 3800 / 3800/8 = 475 /. Q.
= 10+30+15+10+10 = 75 = 75/60 = 1,25 .
[7, .1, . 41] -374 300 . , , 0,5. 300*0,5 = 150 . , m = 150 = 150 . N = 475*1,25/150 = 3,95. N1 = 4. (11) k = 3,95/4 = 0,99, .. [0,9-1].
, 4 -374 300 .
6. 25 .
. , (7).
. 1 180 (. ) 180*25 = 4500 4500/8 = 562,5 /. ( ) 2%, 562,5*100/(100-2) = 574 /. Q.
[7, .1, . 33] .
, q = 300 /, N = 574/(300*0,9*0,9) = 2,4. N1 = 3, (8) k = 574/(3*0,9*300) = 0,7.
, q = 700 /. N = 574/(700*0,9*0,9) = 1. N1 = 1, k = 574/(1*0,9*700) = 0,9.
1 , .. k [0,8 - 0,9].
7. ( ) 30 , , 3.
.
(3) 30000/0,6857 = 43750 , 0,6857 , 3 (240 ) 8 (350 ): 240/350 = 0,6857.
[9, .2, . 59] :
: 30 , 10- . - 43750/(8 *60 ) = 91 . : 20*91 = 1820 , 20 - ( ), .
. 3, 6 710 .
1820/710 = 2,6 . , -2 - . 2*710/91 = 16 . (-4 4 ) 4*710/91 = 31 , .
(9).
= 16+10+5+15+30+20+5 = 101
m = 2 *710 1 = 1420
91 *101
N = = 6,5
1420
N1 = 7. , (10), k = 6,5/7 = 0,93, [0,9-1].
7 -2.
8. 3,5 /.
|
|
. , (7).
1 . 3,274 /. 3,274*3,5 = 11,459 . : 11,459/8 = 1,432 /. 3%, , Q = 1,432-1,432*3/100 = 1,389 /.
. .. , , , , .
[7, .1, . 1] q = 550 /, N = 1389/(550*0,9*0,9) = 3. N1 = 3, (8) k = 1389/(3*0,9*550) = 0,9.
3 .
9. 4 , : 30 , 15 , 30 .
. (9).
21,5%, , , , 4 *100/(100-21,5) = 5,1 /.
= 0,5+15+0,5 = 16 = 16/24 = 0,67 .
[7, .2, . 16] . 12 . , 70 , (10) m = 12 *70 = 840 0,84 . N = 5,1*0,67/0,84 = 4. N1 = 4. (11) k = 4/4 = 1.
, 4 .
10. 25 .
.
:
- 1000 (1 ) 656 ;
- 2%.
, , 656-656*2/100 = 642,9 /; , 642,9*25 = 16072,5 , 16072,5/8 = 2009 , 2009/60 = 33,5 . 0,4 , Q = 33,5/0,4 = 83,8 /.
[7, .1, . 11] -115 q 120 /, , .
(7) N = 84/(120*0,9*0,9) = 0,9. N` = 1, (8) k = 84/(1*120*0,9) = 0,8.
1 -115
11. 35 , , 6.
. .
6 250 [1]. 35000*350/250 = 49000 49000/(8 *60 ) = 102 . Q.
[7, .1, .43] 4--11 q = 125 , 6.
(7) N = 102/(125*0,9*0,9) = 1. N1 = 1, (8) k = 102/(3*0,9*125) = 0,9.
1 4--11.
12. 5 , 4,5 .
. 50 - 400 ( ).
( 3) (14), (15).
100 . 6 r = 850 /3.
V = 100/850 = 0,12 3.
H = 0,5 , = 0,8, H = 0,5/0,8 = 0,63 .
, , (L) (B).
, L = B = = = 0,44 .
, (N), (16). (17), (18).
V = 8*0,12 = 0,96 3.
M = 8*100 = 800 . [8, .2, 21:2005] 1:2, 1,20 /3.
n = 2, r = 1200 /3, V = 800*2/1200 = 1,33 3, V = 0,96+1,33 = 2,29 3.
, , 0,1 , - 0,1 , - 0,1 , - 0,2 .
(19).
B = 2*0,44+0,1*(2+1) = 1,18 .
(20)
H = 0,63+0,3 = 0,93 .
, , (21)
L = 2,29/(1,18*0,93) = 2,1
, , (9).
1 1181 /. 4%. , 1181-1181*4/100 = 1134 /. 1134*5 = 5670 . 5670/8 = 708,8 .
= 5 ( ), (9) N = 708,8*4,5/800 = 3,98. N1 = 4.
(11) k = 3,98/4 = 0,99.
.... , : 10 , 15 , 15 , 10 , 10 .
7
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2. | |
3. | |
4. | |
5. |
.. .
8
1. / | |
2. | |
3. | |
4. | |
5. |
.. .. , , ...
9
1. | ||
2. | ||
3. | ||
4. | ||
5. |
ⅅ.. , , ...
10
1. | ||
2. | ||
3. | ||
4. | ||
5. |
..
11
, () | |
1. | |
2. - | |
3. () | |
4. () | |
5. | 2,2 |
. , : , , .
12
1. | 1,8 | |||
2. | 2,2 | |||
3. | ||||
4. | 0,8 | |||
5. | 0,6 | 1,5 |
....
13
, () | |
1. | |
2. | |
3. | |
4. / | |
5. |
. .. , , .
14
1. | ||
2. | 14 | |
3. - | -250 | |
4. 黔 | ||
5. |
..
15
, () | |
1. | |
2. - | |
3. - | 1,5 |
4. | |
5. - |
.. .. , .
16
1. | ||
2. | ||
3. | ||
4. | ||
5. |