1. : U = f(x1, x2,...xn), x1, x2,...xn − | |
() . "". |
2. , . | ||
TU | , | |
n TU = ∑ Ui i =1 | Ui − i - n − | |
MU | : MU = ΔTU/ΔQ | |
( ); |
TU : (Q = 0) TU = 0; MU = 0 ( ): TUmax MU = 0; ("" "", .. ), : MU < 0 → ↓ TU; : TU = ∑ MU; : MU = dTU/dQ = TU' |
3. , " " (1854). | |
, é , | |
, , . |
" ": − ? |
: , . ( . .), . , TU , MU − ; − . |
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4. . : U = (x1, x2)→max x1 P1x1 + P2x2 = I 2 I λ ( ) L = U(x1, x2) + λ(P1x1 + P2x2 I) 0: MU1 = λP1 MU2 = λP2 |
→ MUn = λPn | |
, , , . | |
, |
(2- ): (1- ) MU . : . : . , : 1) MU , 2) λ − const |