Курс
Змістовий Модуль 9: Компанія. Інформація про галузевий підрозділ
Практичне заняття №1
Тема заняття: Типи компаній
Хід заняття
Company Types in Ukraine
Ltd.
The most popular business legal form in Ukraine is Ltd. This type of companies is registered on a standard chart and in the earliest possible dates. The founders of Ltd. can be naturales persons or/and legal persons (residents or/and non-residents). Thus founders do not carry responsibility for a company and actions of its public servants, and their possible losses are limited to the size of part in share capital. Limited companies can conduct practically any types of activity, including licensed. An alike types of companies in Europe is GMBH (in Germany, Switzerland, Austria) and Ltd. (in England).Company with foreign investments and Foreign company. From recent time, the Ukrainian legislation does not select CFI (no less than 10 % foreign capital) and FC, as a separate legal form of business. Investor with any percent of foreign capital in share capital of Ltd., JSC or another kind of business, can count on defence of the capital, government assistance and unimpeded conclusion. In addition, foreign investors have other advantages during realization of export-import operations and organization of business in Ukraine. However, companies with foreign capital can not practicale in some types of activity, the list of which is officially ratified of government.
Joint-stock company
Joint-stock companies in Ukraine can be public (PJSC) and private (PrJSC) types. This type of companies has a great number of analogues in the whole world. Mainly, JSC are created for a bank, insurance and other financial types of activity, and also for organization of activity of large production capacities and enterprises with the closed loop of production.
The Ukrainian legislation selects also some other legal forms of business: NP SB (a natural person is a subject of business); PE (private enterprise, company with the simplified system of registration, legal relationships of founders practically are not well-regulated); complete society, society with additional responsibility.
Representative office
It is separately possible to select such form of business in Ukraine, as a representative office of foreign company. Status of representative offices allows to get the row of additional tax and custom deductions, and also to use other advantages for work in Ukraine.
Граматичний матеріал: Повторення граматичного матеріалу.
Ex.1. Read the following word combinations. Mind your pronunciation.
Pepper pot, to buy a big bottle of beer, first floor, closed door, a black coffee cup, going to England again, at the same time, tomorrow morning, an apartment in the centre of London, sleeping and dreaming, in the front of the photograph, a lovely view, biscuits and ice-cream, to be chosen for the prize, a path through the thick woods, this thing is theirs, sheets and shirts, Helen’s husband, to read a rhyme, would you like?, a librarian in a public library, away from Washington, few years, chicken chops, a manager at the agency, three teas, English weather, let them, a sad man with a camera, a car-park, a doctor in the hospital, stop talking, naughty audience, a full pool, love it very much, to learn Turkish, another parasol, make a mistake, an awful joke, snow in October, quiet as mice, a town on the mountain, her boyfriend Roy, nearly in tears, upstairs and downstairs, for sure, curious tourists.
Ex. 2. Complete the sentences using given words. Follow the sentence structure.
Наприклад: goes / to school / every morning / Andy.
Andy goes to school every morning.
1. take / photos / they / every Monday.
2. goes / every day / she / to school.
3. football / Eric / after school / plays.
4. is making / he / at the moment / breakfast.
5. to the club / the girls / go / on Saturdays.
Ex. 3. Lots of sentences are wrong. Correct them.
| 1. Three years are a long time to be without a job. | Three years is a long time. |
| 2. The government wants to increase taxes. | OK (wants is also correct) |
| 3. Susan was wearing a black jeans. | |
| 4. Brazil are playing Italy in a football match next week. | |
| 5. I like Martin and Jane. They're very nice persons. | |
| 6. I need more than ten pounds. Ten pounds aren't enough. | |
| 7. I'm going to buy a new pyjama. | |
| 8. The committee haven't made a decision yet. | |
| 9. There was a police directing traffic in the street. | |
| 10. What is the police going to do? |
Ex. 4. What is another way of saying these things? Use -'s.
| 1 a hat for a woman 2 a name for a boy 3 clothes for children 6 a school for girls 5 a nest for a bird | a woman's hat __________________ __________________ __________________ _________________ |
Read each sentence and write a new sentence beginning with the underlined words.
1. The meeting tomorrow has been cancelled.
Tommorrow's meeting has been cancelled.
2. The storm last week caused a lot of damage.
Last ____________________________________
3. The only cinema in the town has closed down.
The ____________________________________
4. The weather in Britain is very changeable.
________________________________________
5. Tourism is the main industry in the region.
________________________________________
3 Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням
I. Вставте пропущені букви у словах першого абзацу.
II. Виберіть та вставте запропоновані у дужках слова (specialize, monitor, occupational, stress, caregivers, governments, agencies) у другому абзаці.
III. У третьому абзаці підкресліть правильну граматичну форму.
IV. Складіть план до тексту.
V. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.
VI. Напишіть анотацію.
From The Daily Telegraph
04.05.2010
Family Social Worker
By Martin Bashir
Job Duties. Family social workers work to 1) impr__ve the social and psychological 2) behavi__r of children and their families. By providing social services and assistance, they 3) at__empt to increase the well-being of children, as well as increase their academic progress. Some work with single parents, while others arrange for adoptions or locate foster homes for children who have been 4) ab__ndoned or neglected. They often work in the school system, helping children deal with such issues as teen 5) pre__nancy, misbehavior, and 6) truan__y. They work with teachers, giving advice on how to deal with 7) chal__enging children in the classroom.
Some family social workers 1) __________ in working with senior citizens, organizing support groups for 2) ________ or for children of seniors. They may give advice to the elderly concerning housing, transportation, and long-term care. They 3) _______ these services for their clients. Family social workers may also work with employees who are experiencing job-related 4) _______ or challenges. They most often work in individual and family service 5) __________, schools or local 6) ________. They are often referred to as child welfare workers, child protective services social workers, 7) _________ social workers, or gerontology social workers. Read More>>
Job Skills.Those interested 1) (for, in) becoming family social workers should 2) (have, has) a number of desirable traits. They need 3) (be, to be) very emotionally stable and mature. They must be able to handle a high degree of 4) (responsibility, most responsibility). They should have the ability to work on an independent basis without supervision. They need to be able to work well in a team 5) (setted, setting) and get along with coworkers. And they need to be able 6) (-, to) inspire trust and respect in their clients.
Практичне заняття №2
Тема заняття: Партнерство. Співробітництво.
Partnership
A partnership is an arrangement where entities and/or individuals agree to cooperate to advance their interests. In the most frequent instance, a partnership is formed between one or more businesses in which partners (owners) co-labor to achieve and share profits or losses.
Partnerships are also frequent regardless of and among sectors. Non-profit organizations, for example, may partner together to increase the likelihood of each achieving their mission. Governments may partner with other governments to achieve their mutual goals, as may religious and political organizations. In education, accrediting agencies increasingly evaluate schools by the level and quality of their partnerships with other schools and across sectors. Partnerships also occur at personal levels, such as when two or more individuals agree to domicile together. Partnerships between governments, interest-based organizations, schools, businesses, and individuals, or some combination thereof, have always been and remain commonplace.
Partnerships have widely varying results and can present partners with special challenges. Levels of give-and-take, areas of responsibility, lines of authority, and overarching goals of the partnership must all be negotiated. While partnerships stand to amplify mutual interests and success, some are considered ethically problematic, or at least debatable. When a politician, for example, partners with a corporation to advance the corporation's interest in exchange for some benefit, a conflict of interest may make the partnership problematic from the standpoint of the public good. Developed countries often strongly regulate certain partnerships via anti-trust laws, so as to to inhibit monopolistic practices and foster free market competition.
Among developed countries, business partnerships are often favored over corporations in taxation policy, since dividend taxes only occur on profits before they are distributed to the partners. However, depending on the partnership structure and the jurisdiction in which it operates, owners of a partnership may be exposed to greater personal liability than they would as shareholders of a corporation.
Cooperation
Cooperation, co-operation or coöperation is the process of working or acting together, which can be accomplished by both intentional and non-intentional agents. In its simplest form it involves things working in harmony, side by side, while in its more complicated forms, it can involve something as complex as the inner workings of a human being or even the social patterns of a nation. It is the alternative to working separately in competition. Cooperation can also be accomplished by computers, which can handle shared resources simultaneously, while sharing processor timeю
Cooperative systems
Cooperation, more formally speak is how the components of a system work together to achieve the global properties. In other words, individual components that appear to be “selfish” and independent work together to create a highly complex, greater-than-the-sum-of-its-parts system. Examples can be found all around us. The components in a cell work together to keep it living. Cells work together and communicate to produce multicultural organisms. Organisms form food chains and ecosystems. People form families, gangs, cities and nations. Neurons create thought and consciousness. Atoms cooperate in a simple way, by combining to make up molecules. Understanding the mechanisms that create cooperating agents in a system is one of the most important and least well understood phenomena in nature, though there has not been a lack of effort. Individual action on behalf of a larger system may be coerced (forced), voluntary (freely chosen), or even unintentional, and consequently individuals and groups might act in concert even though they have almost nothing in common as regards interests or goals. Examples of that can be found in market trade, military wars, families, workplaces, schools and prisons, and more generally any institution or organization of which individuals are part (out of own choice, by law, or forced).
Граматичний матеріал: Повторення граматичного матеріалу.
Ex. 1. Fill in the missing articles (a, the, -), where it is necessary. Make it the next way: 1. a, 2. the, 3. -, 4. the і т.д.
(1)___little girl was sitting on (2) ___front porch when (3) ___stranger came up to the gate. He tried to open it but (4) ___gate wouldn’t open. “Is your mother at home, little one?” asked (5) ___stranger. “Yes, sir, she’s always at home,” said (6) ___child. (7)___stranger jumped over (8) ___gate and rang (9) ___ doorbell. There was no answer. He rang it several times more, and waited. (10)___ door remained closed. Somewhat angry, he turned to (11) ___ child and said: “Didn’t you say your mother was at home?” “Yes, and I’m sure she is,” replied (12) ___girl. “Then why doesn’t she answer my ring, I wonder!?” “I think she will, sir, when you reach our house,” replied (13) ___girl. We live (14) ___four doors down (15)___street”.
Ex. 2. Choose the right answer.
1. Two people were seriously injured in the accident. (serious / seriously)
2. The driver of the car had serious injuries. (serious / seriously)
3. I think you behaved very ____________. (selfish / selfishly)
4. Rose is ____________ upset about losing her job. (terrible / terribly)
5. There was a ____________ change in the weather. (sudden / suddenly)
6. Everybody at the party was ____________ dressed. (colourful / colourfully)
7. Linda likes wearing ____________ clothes. (colourful / colourfully)
8. Liz fell and hurt herself quite ____________. (bad / badly)
9. Joe says he didn't do well at school because he was ____________ taught. (bad / badly)
10. Don't go up that ladder. It doesn't look ____________. (safe / safely)
Ex. 3. Complete the given sentences using the proper comparison form (older/more important etc.).
1. It's too noisy here. Can we go somewhere _quieter?_
2. This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit ---.
3. The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be ---.
4. The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be ---.
5. The weather is too cold in this country. I'd like to live somewhere ---.
6. My job is a bit boring sometimes. I'd like to do something ---.
7. 1 was surprised how easy it was to use the computer. I thought it would be ---.
8. Your work isn't very good. I'm sure you can do ---.
9. Don't worry. The situation isn't so bad. It could be ---.
10. 1 was surprised we got here so quickly. I expected the journey to take ---.
Ex. 4. Insert the numeral (quantitative or ordinal).
1. There are ________ months in a year.
2. January is ________ month of the year.
3. May is ________ month of the year.
4. There are ________ months in winter.
5. December is ________ month of the year and ________ month of winter.
6. There are ________ days in a week: ________ one is Monday, ________ one is Tuesday, ________one is Wednesday, ________ one is Thursday, ________ one is Friday, ________ one is Saturday and ________ one is Sunday.
7. Sunday is ________ day of the week in England and ________ one in Russia.
8. Monday is ________ day in Russia and ________ in Great Britain.
9. There are ________ hours in a day, ________ minutes in an hour and ________ seconds in a minute. 10.September, April, June and November have ________ days. All the rest have ________ except February.
3. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням.
Завдання до тексту
I. Вставте пропущені букви у словах першого абзацу.
II. Виберіть та вставте запропоновані у дужках слова (concepts, settings, adulthood, perspective, philosophy, pedagogues, psychology) у другому абзаці.
III. У третьому абзаці підкресліть правильну граматичну форму.
IV. Складіть план до тексту.
V. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.
VI. Напишіть анотацію.
From The Times
13. 02. 2007
Social Pedagogics
By Thomas Hood
Social pedagogy is a rather new discipline, comparing with others. Social Pedagogy is an 1) a__ademic discipline concerned with 2) the__ry and practice of 3) hol__stic education and care. The term 'pedagogy' originates from the Greek pais (child) and agein (to bring up, or lead). The prefix 'social' 4) emphas__zes that upbringing is not only the responsibility of parents but a shared responsibility of society. As a result, social pedagogy is a 'function of society'. Іt reflects how a given society at a given time thinks about education and 5) upbri__ging. It tells about the 6) relation__hip between the individual and society, and about social welfare of marginalized 7) m__mbers.
Consequently, social 1) _____ work within a range of different settings. From early years through 2) ______ to working with disadvantaged adult groups as well as older people. To achieve a holistic 3) ______ within each of these 4) ____, social pedagogy draws together theories and 5) _________from related disciplines such as sociology, 6) _____, education, 7) ______, medical sciences, or social work.
Principles of Social Pedagogy are the 1) (following, followed). Social pedagogy 2) (is, to be) 3) (based, base) on humanistic values stressing human dignity, mutual respect, trust, unconditional appreciation, and equality, to 4) (mention, mentioning) but a few. It 5) (is, were) underpinned 6) (by, at) a fundamental concept of children, young people and adults as equal human beings with rich and extraordinary potential and considers them competent, resourceful and active agents.
Література:
1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.
2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.
3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.
Практичне заняття №3-4
Тема заняття: Планування діяльності підприємства. Планування власного бізнесу.
Хід заняття
Business
A business (also known as a company, enterprise, and firm) is a legally recognized organization designed to provide goods or services, or both, to consumers, businesses and governmental entities.[1] Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies. Most businesses are privately owned. A business is typically formed to earn profit that will increase the wealth of its owners and grow the business itself. The owners and operators of a business have as one of their main objectives the receipt or generation of a financial return in exchange for work and acceptance of risk. Notable exceptions include cooperative enterprises and state-owned enterprises. Businesses can also be formed not-for-profit or be state-owned.
The etymology of "business" relates to the state of being busy either as an individual or society as a whole, doing commercially viable and profitable work. The term "business" has at least three usages, depending on the scope — the singular usage (above) to mean a particular company or corporation, the generalized usage to refer to a particular market sector, such as "the music business" and compound forms such as agribusiness, or the broadest meaning to include all activity by the community of suppliers of goods and services. However, the exact definition of business, like much else in the philosophy of business, is a matter of debate and complexity of meanings.
Basic forms of ownership
Although forms of business ownership vary by jurisdiction, there are several common forms:
· Sole proprietorship: A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person. The owner may operate on his or her own or may employ others. The owner of the business has personal liability of the debts incurred by the business.
· Partnership: is a form of business in which two or more people operate for the common goal which is often making profit. In most forms of partnerships, each partner has personal liability of the debts incurred by the business. There are three typical classifications of partnerships: general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited liability partnerships.
· Corporation: is either a [limited liability|limited] or unlimited liability entity that has a separate [legal personality] from its members. A corporation can be organized for-profit or not-for-profit. A corporation is owned by multiple shareholders and is overseen by a board of directors, which hires the business's managerial staff. In addition to privately owned corporate models, there are state-owned corporate models.
· Cooperative: Often referred to as a "co-op", a cooperative is a limited liability entity that can organize for-profit or not-for-profit. A cooperative differs from a corporation in that it has members, as opposed to shareholders, who share decision-making authority. Cooperatives are typically classified as either consumer cooperatives or worker cooperatives. Cooperatives are fundamental to the ideology of economic democracy.
Граматичний матеріал: Повторення часів Perfect Continuous.
Ex. 1. Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the proper tense form (affirmative or interrogative)
1. It was warm, so I took off my coat. (take)
2. The film wasn't very good. I didn't enjoy it very much. (enjoy)
3. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I ____________ her. (disturb)
4. I was very tired, so I ____________ the party early. (leave)
5. The bed was very uncomfortable. I ____________ very well. (sleep)
6. The window was open and a bird ____________ into the room. (fly)
7. The hotel wasn't very expensive. It ____________ very much. (cost)
8. I was in a hurry, so I ____________ time to phone you. (have)
9. It was hard carrying the bags. They ____________ very heavy. (be)
10. 'How did you learn to drive?' 'My father _______________ me.' (teach)
Ex. 2. Use the verb in the right form Past Indefinite or Past Continuous.
1. Jenny was waiting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).
2. 'What _______________ (you / do) at this time yesterday?' 'I was asleep.'
3. '_______________ (you / go) out last night?' 'No, I was too tired.'
4. How fast ______ (you / drive) when the accident _________ (happen)?
5. Sam _________ (take) a photograph of me while I _____ (not / look).
6. We were in a very difficult position. We ______ (not / know) what to do.
7. I haven't seen Alan for ages. When I last ________ (see) him, he _____ (try) to find a job.
8. I _________ (walk) along the street when suddenly I ____ (hear) footsteps behind me. Somebody _____(follow) me. I was scared and I __________(start) to run.
9. When I was young, I _________ (want) to be a pilot.
10. Last night I _________ (drop) a plate when I _______ (do) the washing up. Fortunately it ________ (not / break).
Ex. 3. Choose the right variant.
1. 'Did you phone Lucy?' 'Oh no, I forgot. I phone / I'll phone her now.' (I'll phone is correct)
2. I can't meet you tomorrow. I'm playing / I'll play tennis. 3. I meet / I'll meet you outside the hotel in half an hour, OK?' 'Yes, that's fine.'
4. I need some money.' 'OK. I'm lending / I'll lend you some. How much do you need?'
5. I'm having / I'll have a party next Saturday. I hope you can come.
6. 'Remember to get a newspaper when you go out.' 'OK. I don't forget /I won't forget.
7. 'What time does your train leave / will your train leave tomorrow?
8. I asked Sue what happened, but she doesn't tell / won't tell me.
9. ' Are you doing / Will you do anything tomorrow evening?' 'No, I'm free. Why?'
10. I don't want to go out alone. Do you come / Will you come with me?
Ex. 4. Open the brackets using Future Simple or Future Continuous.
1. You __________ (to work) all tomorrow morning? 2. He ______________ (to see) them tomorrow. He (to tell) them what you said. 3. I ___________ (to visit) her office next day. I ___________ (to ask) her then. 4. My son __________________ (to stay) with my parents for the holidays. 5. You ___________________ (to stay) here all weekend? 6. Don't disturb him, at the moment he ______________ (to have) breakfast. 7. I ___________ (to see) the manager at the meeting next week. And he _________(to give) me all the information he knows. 8. Next year he _____________(to come) to Paris. 9. You ______________(to come) to our party? - No, I ____________(to work) on my report. 10. Don't leave your child alone! He ________________(to cry).
3.Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням:
I. Вставте пропущені букви у словах першого абзацу.
II. Виберіть та вставте запропоновані у дужках слова (drug abuse, patterns, youth, goal, organizations, habits, rehabilitation) y другому абзаці.
III. У третьому абзаці підкресліть правильну граматичну форму.
IV. Складіть план до тексту.
V. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.
VI. Напишіть анотацію.
From The Kyiv Post
25.04.2009
The Regional Centre of Social Processes
By Alexandr Sadovsky
In Ukraine, in Rivne city and Rivne oblast in particular, youth health 1) con__erns are among the most 2) serio__s. At present, mass media have a great 3) influ__nce on youth. But 4) unfort__nately the level of promoting a 5) healt__y lifestyle through mass media is rather low. At schools the 6) iss__e is not raised systematically, which makes the input of educational system in this matter not much 7) ef__ective.
Public 1) ___________, departments on family and youth do not coordinate their activity, which leads to lost of efforts and efficiency of their activities. The absence of a common 2) _______ of cooperation between mass media, educational system, public organizations and state structures that work with 3) _______ presents one more problem. All attempts to form healthy lifestyle 4) __________ among youth do not reach their 5) ________. Unfortunately, in Rivne oblast there are no organizations engaged in 6) ______________ of drug-addicted people, forming style of health living among youth and prevent 7) ________.
Partners: non-governmental organizations "Interaction", the Committee of Voters of Ukraine, Oblast Department on Family and Youth, Oblast State Department on Education. The goal of the project is 1) (to work, works) out and to introduce a model of 2) (forming, form) healthy lifestyle habits and 3) (to decrease, decreasing) the number of young people with unhealthy habits in Rivne and Rivne oblast. Target groups: schoolchildren 4) (aged, age) 7-18, youth 5) (aged, ages) 14-28, members of public organizations, representatives of city and regional departments 6) (on, with) family and youth, journalists, teachers of valeology and school psychologists, drug addict.
До практичного заняття №4
Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням.
I. Вставте пропущені букви у словах першого абзацу.
II. Виберіть та вставте запропоновані у дужках слова (essential, tensions, uniqueness, skills, rights, justice, involvement) у другому абзаці.
III. У третьому абзаці підкресліть правильну граматичну форму.
IV. Складіть план до тексту.
V. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.
VI. Напишіть анотацію.
From The Guardian
16. 01. 2008
What is Social Work?
By Alex Ferguson
Social work is a profession 1) conc__rned with helping individuals, families, groups and 2) communit__es to enhance their individual and collective well-being. It aims to help people develop their skills and their 3) abilit__ to use their own 4) reso__rces and those of the community to 5) re__olve problems. Social work is concerned with individual and personal problems but also with broader social 6) i__sues such as poverty, unemployment and domestic 7) v__olence.
Human 1) ________ and social 2) ________are the philosophical underpinnings of social work practice. The 3) ________of social work practice is in the blend of some particular values, knowledge and 4) _________, including the use of relationship as the basis of all interventions and respect for the client’s choice and 5) __________. In a socio-political-economic context which increasingly generates insecurity and social 6) ________, social workers play an important and 7) ________role.
What is the role of the social worker?The work 1) (is undertaken, undertaken) by social workers can 2) (to vary, vary) widely between countries as the aims and values of social workers must reflect the cultural and social norms of the society in which they operate, in order to cater appropriately for the needs of the 3) (peoples, people) they serve. The main tasks of social workers are casework (linking clients with agencies and programs that 4) (would be, will) meet their psychosocial needs), counselling (psychotherapy), human services management, social welfare policy analysis, community 5) (organized, organizing), advocacy, 6) (taughting, teaching) (in schools of social work), and social science research.
X. Змістовий модуль „Вирішення питань професійного та академічного характеру”
Практичне заняття № 1
Тема: Стан та перспективи розвитку галузі.(2 год)
1. Читання, переклад та переказ тексту. Підготуйте вашу думку про прочитане (10 речень).
Just Across the Waters:
Social Pedagogy
(“...Social What?!”)
By Caitlyn Lehmann,
SOON Editor,
St Luke’s Innovative Resources
Every so often, we like to gaze out from the
crow’s nest of the Good Ship Innovative
Resources to ponder the future directions
of human service work and education. One
recent muse upon the briny brought to
our attention the growing interest in social
pedagogy. In the UK, official and public
concerns about the failures of the children’s
welfare system have prompted authorities to
take a fresh look at alternative approaches.
Social pedagogy, already well-established
throughout Europe, has been one of these,
attracting UK practitioners with its holistic
model of care. In the last handful of years,
the first specialist degrees in social pedagogy
have been launched by universities there—
and where Britain goes, so, too, often enough,
Australia follows.
So let’s spin the wheel hard to starboard and a
take a closer look at this not-so-new approach.
What is this rather awkward-sounding ‘Social
Pedagogy’? Well, it is often described as
‘education in the broadest sense.’ It’s an
approach that stresses the upbringing of
children as the shared responsibility of parents
and society, and recognises that children’s
care requires something more than simply
meeting children’s biological and psychological
needs. You might say it’s about offering
children quality of life, rather than just the bare
essentials needed to get by in our society.
In English, of course, ‘pedagogy’ is usually—
narrowly—defined as the ‘science of teaching
and learning’. Ask the experts, and they’ll
tell you that social pedagogy is problematic
precisely because, as a concept, it doesn’t
translate neatly into English. Being a ‘social
pedagogue’ is somewhere between being a
child’s teacher and carer. It’s the person who
takes responsibility for supporting a child’s
overall development, and who does so by
building a meaningful relationship with the
child and valuing the contributions of family
members, other professionals and the wider
community.
Partly because of this, social pedagogy
has often been regarded as a model best
suited to the care of children in residential
settings. Here in Australia, the approach has
sometimes been dismissed because of our
alternative emphasis on foster care. These
days, however, a growing pool of research is
highlighting social pedagogy’s relevance and
benefits to both forms of care. Indeed, with
its stress on relationships, inclusiveness, and
entwined care and education, social pedagogy
has its attractions for professionals across a
broad range of disciplines.
For teachers in our schools, who face daily
conflicts between their roles as carers and
educators of children, social pedagogy not
only recognises, but values, the essential
contribution teachers make to the ‘bringing
up’ of children. In an era when the scale of
public education is trending ever upwards—
with massed classes of 100+ students—the
principles of social pedagogy may be seen
to support teachers calling for the reform
of our ‘crowd control’ classrooms. The
approach restores emphasis to the significant
relationships teachers build with children and
the importance of listening and communicating
with children as individuals, as well as in
groups.
Right here at St Luke’s Innovative Resources,
we can’t help noticing the parallels between the
principles of social pedagogy and those of the
strengths-based approach that underpins our
publishing. Both recognise that children and
staff inhabit the same ‘lifespace’ rather than
separate hierarchical domains. As we might
say in strengths-based parlance, the emphasis
is on ‘power with’ rather than ‘power over’.
There are also striking similarities between the
role of the social pedagogue and the role of
the adult supporter described in our admired
publication by Ben Furman, Kids Skills—but
then perhaps that’s not a surprise: just like
social pedagogy, the Kids’ Skills method hails
from Europe (Finland to
be precise!).
So, will we soon hear the phase ‘social
pedagogy’ bandied around staffrooms and
board meetings? Will we hear people debating
the pronunciation of ‘pedagogy’ with a hard
or soft ‘g’? (Our dictionary says either is fine.)
Just possibly maybe. And if does happen, you’ll
find our resources, like Change by Design
and Name the Frame, ideal for helping your
organisation deal with the necessary changes
to policy and practice. You’ll also find our card
sets, from the bubbly Wonderful You to the
ever-popular Strength Cards, absolutely perfect
for any activity in which the priorities of care
and education come together.
2.Граматичний матеріал
Ex. 1. Complete the given sentences with can/can't, must/mustn't, needn't, have to:
1. A: Is Jason at work today?
B: He... can't... be. His car isn't in the car park.
2. A: I can't do my German homework. It's too difficult.
B: I'll help you. I............speak German.
3. A: I'm going to watch television.
B: Alright, but you.............stay up too late.
4. A: We............book a taxi to take us to the airport.
B: I'll do it now.
5. A: I didn't know Rachel was in the choir.
B: Oh yes. She..............sing beautifully.
6. A: Shall I cook dinner tonight?
B: No, you.............We're going to a restaurant.
7. A: Has Tim bought a car yet?
B: He............have. I saw him on the bus yesterday.
8. A: She..........be very rich.
B: Yes. She's got a huge house and an expensive car.
9. A: I did the washing-up for you.
B: Oh, you.............have, but it was kind of you.
10. A: Would you like to come to my party on Saturday night?
B: I'd like to, but Mum says I.............visit my grandparents.
Ex. 2. Read the situations and write sentences. Use the following verbs:arrive break fall go up grow improve lose leave
| 1. Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. | He has lost his key. |
| 2. Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster. | She |
| 3. Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90. | The bus fare |
| 4. Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is better. | Her English |
| 5. Dan didn't have a beard before. Now he has a beard. | He |
| 6. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. | The letter |
| 7. The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it is only 12. | The |
| 8. What time is David leaving? | He __________ already. |
| 9. Is Sue coming to the cinema with us? | No, she _______ already _______ this film. |
| 10. Do you know where Julia is? | Yes, I _______ just ______ her. |
Ex. 3. Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets.
1. You went to Sue's house, but she wasn't there.
(she / go / out) She had gone out.
2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn't the same as before.
(it / change /a lot) ________________________
3. I invited Rachel to the party, but she couldn't come.
(she/ arrange / to do something else) ________________________
4. You went to the cinema last night. You got to the cinema late.
(the film / already / begin) ________________________
5. It was nice to see Dan again after such a long time.
(I / not / see / him for five years) ________________________
6. I offered Sue something to eat, but she wasn't hungry.
(she / just / have / breakfast) ________________________
7. The man sitting next to you on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight.
(he/ never/ flown/had/ before) _____________________________
8. A woman walked into the room. She was a complete stranger to me.
(I/never/seen/her/had /before) ______________________________
9. Sam played tennis yesterday. He wasn't very good at it; it was his first game.
(Sam/never/had/before/played)_________________________________
10. Last year we went to Denmark. It was our first time there.
(had/we/been/never/there/before)_________________________________
Практичне заняття № 2
Тема: Сучасна людина і комп’ютер.
1. Робота над текстом за темою заняття.
1. Read the texts and discuss them.
PLUG-IN GENERATION
In an age when computer use is getting much attention from parents, educators and legislators, television remains the dominant medium for most kids. Children spend an average of 2 hours 46 minutes watching television eachday, with 17 percent of children spending more than five hours in front of the TV.Time spent on the computer lags far behind TV use, with the average for all children at 21 minutes a day outside school, including an average of eight minutes a day on the Internet...
Computers are a major technological breakthrough of the twentieth century. Their benefits are numerous yet much can be said against them. The main disadvantage of computers is that staring at a screen for long periods of time can be damaging to the eyes, and sitting on a chair for hours at a time is certainly not healthy. Secondly, computers distract people from conversation. Also, people can become anti-social and stay at home to use their computer. Finally, the strongest argument against the use of computers is that the more jobs which are done by computers, the less are done by people..
However, the advantages of computers are numerous, such as educational benefits, especially to children. School subjects become more interesting when presented on a computer screen. Moreover, computers can be fun with a seemingly endless variety of games which can be played on them. In addition, computers are valuable to any business, making life easier and saving time because you can store and get back a lot of information at die touch of button. Furthermore, personal gains can be seen as the use of computers increases powers of concentration.
To sum up, there are strong arguments both for and against the use of computers. Yet, despite the health problems, risk to jobs and lack of personal communication, it seems that as long as the use of computers is regulated, the benefits computers provide to education and business are very important.
Legislator —законодатель; plug in — включить вилку в розетку; medium — средство (массовой информации); media (мн.ч.) — средства массовой информации; survey — обзор, изучение;lag—отставать; breakthrough —достижение, прорыв; benefits — зд. преимущества, положительные стороны; distract from — отвлекать от; variety of games — разнообразие игр
2. Дайте відповіді на запитання.
1. Why are to-day's children and teenagers called a plug-in generation? 2. What are the average figures for the time spent in front of the TV? What programmes are broadcast? Do you think children prefer cartoons or science fiction films to feature films and documentaries? 3. How does TV compete the computer? 4. What are the benefits of the computer? 5. What are the disadvantages of the computer (for health, socializing, job getting?) 6. What is the conclusion of the text? To what extent do you agree (disagree)with it?
2.Граматичний матеріал
Ex. 1. Open the brackets using Future Indefinite or Future Perfect.
1. We _____________ the new film tomorrow. (watch)
2. I _____________ my homework by the time you come home. (do)
3. They hope he _____________all the exams by the end of June. (pass)
4. _____you _____ here again? (come)
5. I _____________ take your words seriously next time! (not)
6. The police _______________ here before we finish. (arrive)
7. She ________________ everything when she sees me. (understand)
8. By that time the train ____________ without us. (leave)
9. All the preparations_____________ finished before the weekend. (to be)
10. 10. I am sure we ___________ to an agreement by the end of our meeting. (come)
Ex. 2. Open the brackets using Present Perfect Continuous
1. He (to try) to solve this problem for several months till now but he hasn’t found a solution yet.
2. She (to teach) at school for twenty years.
3. Mr. Smith (to work) in his room since early morning.
4. The children (to sleep) for six hours.
5. John is in his room, he (to sit) there since the morning.
6. For 2 hours now we (to talk) and we haven’t come to any conclusion yet.
7. I (to look) for it for half an hour and I can’t find it.
8. Look, your brother (to dance) with that red-haired girl since she came into the room. 9. The telephone (to ring) for five minutes, why don’t you answer.
10. He (to come) here day after day for years.
Ex. 3. Put the verb into the most suitable form, past continuous (I was doing), past perfect (I had done) or past perfect continuous (I had been doing).
1. It was very noisy next door. Our neighbors were having (have) a party.
2. We were good friends. We had known (know) each other for years.
3. John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with him because he _____________ (walk) so fast.
4. Sue was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She ____________ (run).
5. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They_______________ (eat).
6. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty, but their stomachs were full. They _________________ (eat).
7. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ______________ (look) for his contact lens.
8. When I arrived, Kate _________________ (wait) for me. She was annoyed with me because I was late and she _________________ (wait) for a long time.
9. I was sad when I sold my car. I _____________ (have) it for a very long time.
10. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We _________________ (travel) for more than 24 hours
Практичне заняття № 3
Тема: Реклама і суспільство.
1.Прочитайте та перекладіть текст.
Advertising has always played in immense role in our society. Without advertising, the average consumer would not be able to be told what to buy. They would have nothing in their home, because no one told them to buy anything. It has become fact that advertising affects our daily lives everyday. "In 1915, a person could go entire weeks without observing an ad. The average adult today sees some three thousand every day" (Twitchell 203). This study is based on the Circuit City advertisement for their newly priced high definition plasma televisions. There are six televisions on the advertisement along with every television playing the new released Star Wars Episode III. Every advertisement should be analyzed with great detail, which is what this study includes. Included is a complete analysis of the prices of the television, the incorporation of the newly released Star Wars film, and the “weasel words” that promote the purchase of the new home entertainment system.
The consumers need to be entertained by television, newspaper, and internet has launched a new type of advertising. Advertisers are beginning to use famous entertainers in their advertisements so that people pay attention to them. Almost every advertisement that is seen today has somebody that the consumer will recognize. Whether it be a movie star, a comedian, athlete, or a reality television star, the advertiser will make sure that a percentage of the viewing audience knows that person. Not only do they attract our attention with the use of somebody famous, they also attract our trust. By seeing this person on television all the time and especially if you like this person, you feel comfortable with the product almost immediately without even knowing what it is or does.
