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IV.




 

. , , , , , . , , , ; , , . . , , . . . ; , , 4 1/2 , .

, , .

: , ; , , , , ; , , . , , , , , , . , .

. , , 1863 . , , :

... (scutch mills)... , . ... , 2830% (Reports of Insp. of Fact., October 1863, p. 139, 142).

. , :

, , ( , . 140).

, , .

, .

, shoddy trade ( ), ; , , , , . 30 , . . , 4 . . 4 . ; 44 . . . , , , , ; shoddy, , (Reports of Insp. of Fact., October 1863, p. 107).

1862 . (Reports of Insp. of Fact., October 1862, p. 81). , , , .

. 1839 1862 . ‑ , . , .

 





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