(convertational memory)
640 ( 0000:0000 9000:FFFF h). (, RAM Random Access Memory " "), , . .
, ( , BIOS, DOS, , ), MS DOS.
MS DOS 2.1.
2.1 -
| 0000:0000 | 1 | ||
| 0000:0400 | 256 | ROM-BIOS ( 3.3) | |
| 0000:0500 | ~ 128 | DOS: | |
| ROM BIOS: , / - IO.sys MS DOS. DOS (INT 21h) - MSDOS.sys MS DOS ( Windows MSDOS.sys , DOS IO.sys). MS DOS MS DOS. STACK CONFIG.sys. SET, PATH, PROMPT . SHELL CONFIG.sys. . BUFFERS CONFIG.sys, 532 . . , (, , ) () , . 64 , FILES CONFIG.sys. , DEVICE CONFIG.sys. COMMAND.COM ( 4K). , INSTALL CONFIG.sys. | |||
| ~512 | |||
(Video RAM)
128 ( 000:0000 h 000:FFFF h) , ( ), ( ), . , , , " " [8].
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256 ( C000:0000 h F000:FFFF h) (, ROM Read Only Memory), . POST (Power_On_Self_Testing), , MS DOS, - ROM BIOS, , . - .
, - , " (Extended) ". MS DOS (, Himem.sys Quemm386.sys). BIOS (Shadow RAM), ( ). .
"" , , , . .
256 . , , 0 100 h ( ), . , .
- , . ( 0000:0000 0000:3FFF h). 256 . () <>:<>, , - .
: , 0000:0000, - 0000:0004 .. , n, 4, (0000:4*n ), , , () [9].
BIOS DOS, - DOS. , (, " " 9- ).
|
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. , , .
, , : , ( ) , , , ..
, , ( 0 256), , .
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() , ( !). IRQ < m >, m .
- , (, ). .
"", INT n, n - . , , .
, DOS (INT21 h), BIOS (INT16 h) (INT10 h). , , , .
. , :
, ;
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( ) , .
BIOS
256- (0000:0400h... 0000:04FFh) " " - ROM BIOS.
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2.2 .
2.2 - ROM_BIOS
| , | ||
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 0000:0400 | RS-232 (COM1) | |
| 0000:0402 | COM2 | |
| 0000:0404 | COM3 | |
| 0000:0406 | COM4 | |
| 0000:0408 | 1- Centronix (LPT1) | |
| 0000:040A | LPT2 | |
| 0000:040C | LPT3 | |
| 0000:040E | LPT4 | |
| 0000:0410 | ||
| 0000:0413 | ( ) | |
| 0000:0417 | ||
| 0000:0419 | () (Alt + ) | |
| 0000:041A | "" | |
| 0000:041C | "" | |
| 0000:041E | 20h | |
| 0000:0449 | ||
| 0000:044A |
2.2
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 0000:044C | ( ) | |
| 0000:044E | ( -) | |
| 0000:0450 | 8 * 2 | 8 : , . |
| 0000:0460 | : - ; . | |
| 0000:0462 | ||
| 0000:046C | "" ( 55- ) |
