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- :9.6.2. 10




11.3. Ѳ-

11.3.1. -

" , " ' . , " ( -) ".
- , .
- . ճ, . , . , . , . . 30- pp., , 5060- pp. XX .
- . .. , , . , , , , , , " ". .
, , , . , .. . , . , ' , .
- ' (. 11.16).

- XX c. , , , . , . . , , , .
, - . . " , . , ". , - .
䳿 , . . , 쳿 30- pp. . " : - , "2.
- (. 1915) -, , - , 쳿 1970 .
(. . 1915) ( ).
1935 . , 1936 . . 1940 . . 1941 .
. . .
1947 . . " ", , , .
"" (1948), . " , , "", , ,
, . ' ". ' . , XX ., "" .
, . , , , .
, . - "" . , .
1995 . (1992) . . . : , , , , .
1952 . . ̳ , - .
1958 . "˳ ", . . .
19611968 pp. . (, , ), .
1961 . , 1968 . ̳ .
1966 . , .
1970 . . , .
. "Newsweek". . , ̳ .
9 - . ճ.
г ճ (19041989) , XX ., , 쳿 1972 . , . . . ճ .
ճ (19041989) ˳.
. 1932 . . , . 1926 1935 . . ճ .
1926 1931 . "" , , .
1932 . . ճ "
",
г ճ .
, . . , , . . ճ , .
30- pp. . ճ . " " (1934) , , . . ճ " " (1935), " ". 19351938 pp. . ճ . 1938 . 쳿 .
. ճ , .. " , ". 1936 . - . ճ " ". 1937 . " "": " "" . 1939 p. . ճ "ֳ ", . ճ . ճ . " ", . . , . , . . . 볿 . . ճ, 1972 . ( . ) "ֳ " , 19391946 pp., " ".
"ֳ " . , . , . . ճ ' . . ֳ , , . ճ . , - , .
ϳ . ճ , . 1945 . " : ", , .
ϳ . ճ .
1946 . 1965 . . ճ , , 쳿, - .
1950 . " ", . (.. .), . ճ , . , . . .
" " (1956), " " (1965). " " (1969) , , . , , . . ճ , .
. ճ " " (1959), " " (1967). , , 1977 . " . ", , .
. ճ 7030- pp. , . 1975 . " ", . ճ . 80- pp. - , , , . . ճ , , , " " (1985), ", " (1982), " " (1983) .
. ճ , , , 쳿 . 19601962 pp. .
. ճ 20 1989 . ճ ҳ 1991 . ճ ҳ, .
³ " " .. . ճ. . ճ 1937 . "̳ "": ", , . . ճ, , " ", , 䳺 . . ճ " ", . . ճ , "" .
. ճ , . . . ճ , "" " ".

11.3.2. ճ: ճ

"̳ "" (1937) . ճ . () , { Liquidity Money). , { Investment Saving). . ( ) (, ). , ( ), , -, . . ճ "" ', .. . . ճ .. , - . . ճ " , ". ϳ .
. ճ ( ): () , (. 11.17).

(IS), (LM).
ճ {IS) ( ) Y ( ), {LM). IS , LM . , IS LM ճ " ճ". . , . . 11.17 IS LM ճ -- .
. 䳿 . . ճ " ", 䳿 .
. " ճ" " ". ' , , . , 䳿 IS LM, . 11.18.

, IS LM. , IS /'S'. , , , , , , , , . . ³ . dz . , . re, a rj, 1.
, LM L'M'. IS 2 Yi. , .
, IS LM , . .

11.3.3.

4060- pp. XX . .. , , . , , , ' . .. , " " , . , -, ( ), , -, .. , "" . . , .
"" - . . , , . 40- pp. 1948 . . "", . . , " " "45- ". , - .
(. 11.19).

AD ( ), (, /, G, ). - , , . , 45", . - , (AD = ).
, AD , . AD .
AD', (*) *. ( .. ) . ' Yf . ' ( ), ( ).
45- . , -| . , . , AD Af, AD',
"" . , . .
(. 11.20) , .

AD Y . ³ Y., . . (YA NY,. ' Yj. E' N , . , , .
. ( ) . . AD AD. .11.21.

() (/), , ) (G). ().
(. 11.22).

, , , . el ME', MY E*Yf.
. ( ) . AD AD'. (. 11.23).

, :
, ( ), , ;
, ( ), , .
, 5060- pp. XX . ' , 70- pp. , - , - , . ", . .
5060- pp. . , . . , , .
, 5060- pp., 60- 70- pp. . , , , , .





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