1. Coherence in speaking is more difficult to sustain than coherence in writing, because speakers have no nonverbal clues to inform them if their message is clear or not.
2. Usually we speak about paragraph unity and sentence cohesion.
3. To achieve paragraph cohesion a writer must ensure a great amount of different factors.
4. To achieve sentence cohesion a writer can use some techniques, for example: collocation, synonymy, enumeration, parallelism, transitions and antonymy.
Ex. 10. Now listen to the tape for the second time and answer the questions.
1. Why is coherence in writing more difficult to sustain than coherence in speech?
2. What must a writer ensure to achieve paragraph unity?
3. What techniques can be used to achieve sentence cohesion?
Ex. 11. Watch video aided instructions Connections and transitions, fulfill the given tasks.
Out-of Class Writing Assignment
What is a good student?
Some writers believe that good students are well focused and diligent. Write a short response (150200 words, every other line) in which you discuss a different characteristic of good students. Include convincing examples and details.
Vocabulary
| coherence | revision | to create | transition |
| choppy | compound | opinion | writers purpose |
| to sound smooth | complex | fluent | to emphasize |
| confusion | relevance | to be consistent | excessive |
| aspect | device | to follow | general |
| specific | content | stage | chronological order |
| to enhance | repetition | to link | week control |
| reinforcement | to compare | progression | effective control |
| substitution | ellipse | conjunction | reference |
| to signal | comparison | cause | effect |
| summary | conclusion | contradiction | emphasis |
| support | addition | explanation | equivalence |
Unit 2
Critical writing
Unit Topics:
Critical thinking & writing skills
Academic writing assignments
The process of writing
Peer review and revision
Critical thinking and writing skills
| ObjectivesIn this unit you will: | discover what critical thinking is; |
| learn means of sharpening critical thinking skills; | |
| discover what critical writing is; | |
| know the classification of intellectual behavior; | |
| know how to make connections between theory and practice; | |
| learn the skills of effective critical writing. |
Starting up
Ex. 1. Discuss the following questions with your colleagues to share experience in critical thinking.
1. Do you know what critical thinking is?
2. Why do you think is it useful to sharpen critical thinking skills?
3. Is it difficult for you to ask questions?
4. Why is it so important to synthesize information from a variety of sources?
5. What is it necessary to do to interpret information?
8. What are the means of sharpening critical thinking?
9. Are you a critical thinker?
Listening
Script 7
