: () L1 (1,6 ) () L1 L2 (1,2 ). , , , :
- 50-70 ( 99,7%);
- 70 ( 99,7%);
- 15 / ( 99,7%)
- 0,7 ( 99,7 %).
, / .
, , , . .
4- . , , .
. () . , () . . , . , (UTC).
, , .
1600 1250 , () 2j 0 =38 h0 .
2j 0 . ,
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sinj 0=(h0+r)/(H+r),
r = 6400 ¾ ; H = 19100 ¾ .
j 0=19, h0 = 2000 .
(24 ) h £ h0 = 2000 , .. , .
h > h0 . h0 < h < H ( , ) , .
h > H (, ) ( ), .
(h £ h0). ( ):
P0 = P G(j) G0(b) l 2/(4p R)2,
P ¾ ; G(j) ¾ ( ) j ; G0(b) ¾ b ; l ¾ ; R ¾ .
.
G(j) j £ 19
j, .. | 0 | 15 | 19 |
G(j), (1600 ) | |||
G(j), (1250 ) |
, G0(b) = 1.
R , , (b = 90) R = H = 19100 , (b =5) R = 24000 .
P0 :
1600 | 1250 | |||
b, . . | 90 | 5 | 90 | 5 |
P, | + 1 5 1 | + 9 1 | ||
G(j), | +10 | +12 | +9 | +11 |
(l 4 p R)2, | - 182 | - 184 | - 180 | - 182 |
G0(b), | ||||
P0, | - 157 1 | - 157 1 | - 162 1 | - 162 1 |
, , , .
, 511 / (. 6);
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, 50 / (. 6);
, 100 / (. 6).
L1 ( C/A- GPS) . L2 , .
, . , .
1600 2 ( ) 85 20 , . () . , . 15 (30 ), 5 (2,5 ).
. .
, , :
- ;
- tk;
- ¾ t0;
- - () t0 ;
- t0.
t0, , 30 .
:
- , ;
- , (24 );
- , 1 .
( ) ( ). , , .
: 6 c, 5 (30 ), ¾ 25 (12,5 ).
() (2,5 ) (12,5 )
, (, , ). , .
¾ .
1 . . .
Sk(t) , (k = 1,2,3,4) , , :
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Sk(t)=Rk(t)+ct 0(t)+cd t k(t)+d Sk(t),
Rk(t) ¾ ; ¾ ; t 0 (t) ¾ ( ) ; d t k(t) ¾ ; d Sk(t) ¾ .
" 1600 " 1250 . S0(t) ¾ .
S(t)=S0(t)+/ ; S(t)= S0(t)+/ ,
/ 2 ¾ , S0(t), :
S0(t)= S(t)- S(t); m= / =7/9.
:
d S0 = d S - d S = 2,53d S - 1,53d S.
, , ( ) .
¾ . : , , ( ).
, , , 1 , 1.
s (S) :
s (S) = ,
c ¾ ; F1 ¾ 1; Pc /g ¾ ; k ¾ (k ~ 1,5); T0 ¾ () .
(. ) [ ]:
b =90 | b =5 | |
1600 | +47...49 | +39...44 |
1250 | +43...45 | +34...39 |
T0 = 1 []:
b = 9 0 | b = 5 | |
s (S) 1600 | 1,7...2,1 | 3,3...6,0 |
s (S) 1250 | 3,0...4,0 | 5,9...10,5 |
:
s (S0)={[2,53s (S)]2+[1,53s (S)]2}1/2 ;
T0=1c
s (S0)=
(). , . Pc2 Pc1 .
, , , D t D t=1/2F1, F1 ¾ 1. D t< < 1/2F1, D t> 3/2F1 , . T0=1 c -
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s (S)= .
Pc2/Pc1= - (30...32) , s (S)= 3,0 , . , (1600 , 1250 ) T0 =1 c :
s (S0)= s (S)=9,0.
c=c0/n(h), 0¾ ; n(h)¾ h , n(h)> 1.
() b ³ 5 :
D R(b)=
. (), s (D R) 10% D R(b).
:
D n(h) = D n(0) e-h/;
, D n(0)=3× 10-4, a=8 , :
b, ........................... | 90 | 10 | 5 |
D R(b), ............................. | 2,5 | ||
s (D R), ............................. | 0,25 | 1,5 | 3,0 |
(1600 ). 100 , 300 400 900 10% .
= 0n(h), 0 ¾ , n(h) ¾ h , n(h)<1. n(h) f >100 :
D n(h) = 1-n(h) = 40,3 N(h) / f 2,
N(h) ¾ h [/3]; f- [].
() .
:
d R1=
D n(h) :
- h £ h1=100 D n(h) = 0;
- h1 £ h £ h2 = 300 D n(h) D nm, D nm ¾ D n(h);
- h2 £ h £ h3 = 400 D n(h) = D nm;
- h ³ h3 = 400 D n(h) = D nm e
, a=200 .
D n(h), ()
d R1 = b D nm;
b = 0,5 (h2-h1)+(h3-h2)+a=400 .
b , D n(h) = D nm h = 200...600 D n(h) = 0.
d R2 (b = 0 ) :
d R2 = d R1/ cosg; sing = r/(r+h3),
g ¾ (b = 0 ) h3=400 ( ); r ¾ . , g = 7 3 d R2=3,3 d R1. (b =5...10) , d R2=3 d R1.
D nm f=1600 . ( ) 300...400 N = 3,0× 106 /3, f=1,6× 106
D nm=3,8× 10-5, d R1=15 , d R2=45 .
. 5...6 .
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, , 1250 1250 . 1600 1250 . - (1600 ). (T0=1 ) 1600 1250 , , :
- s (S2) = 12...22 , .. ( );
- , , s (S2) = 9 ( ), .. ( ).
, (T0=30 c) - .