, , 1980 . , rx = Vx/Ix, n, n , , [2]. rx (n) . . 14.5.
. 14.5.
i -
rx = h /(ie 2), (14.11)
(i = 1, 2, 3, - ), . . , , . , rx = nst. . . 14.5, , (~ 10 ), ( ), . .
. [1].
, , . . 14.6. n - .
. 14.6.
() ( S D). . Vg, , . , , . Si GaAs. , , , SiO 2, (). - (--). , , . , . , .
|
|
, , . , .
, D
wc =/m *, (14.12)
m * - .
, , , , , , , . .. 1930 . . , , ,
n = (n + 1/2) wc, (14.13)
n ; n = 0, 1, 2,.
, . , . . DE = wc .>> k, , = 0, .
, , , . . . , .
. , , v = wcr, , , , . . v2/2 = wc /4. ,
r = /(2 ), (14.14)
S = πr 2 = . (14.15)
, , , , , , 4 , . . S = h/(). , 1 2
N0 = 1/ S = / (14.16)
n = 0, , , , (14.10),
r H = U H/ I = B /(N0e) = h / 2 (14.17)
.
(14.16) , , , 0:
= S = h/ = 0. (14.18)
, .
|
|
ν, , , . ν i, , i , .
, 2/ h, i - i 2 /h .
, , , . , . , . . . , . , . . , . , , , , .
, , . . , N.
, n , . , . 5, () rH (), . . . , , -.
, , . , , , , , ( ). , , , , , ( ) . . , . , in, , . . , , . , .
h / 2 ( 10―9), 25812,806377 . , . 1990 . 1 , h /(4 2) = 6453,20159 .
, . - α = e 2/(2e 0 hc) = 1/137,0359895 (e 0 ) [3].
|
|
h/2
×= 25812,8056(11) . (14.19)
. , .
1985 . (. 1943 .) . ( . [12] . [4].
1982 . . , X. . , , T = 0.5 = 15 () i (14.11), 1/3. i = /q q (, q - ). . , . , . 1998 . . (. 1950 .), . (. 1949 .) (1939 .) .
, : , , , , . , , 1/3. . ( ) , 1/3, , 1/3 ( -1/3) . , . [5], [6] - . , , , , , , , , , . , . , . . [7] . , , , , , , , , , .
1. ? ?
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2. ?
3. ?
4. ? ?
5. ?
6. ?
1. : : 2 . . 1./ . . . . .: , 2007. 2.41, 2.42.
2. , .. 3- . . 3 / . . . .: , 2005. 79.
3. , .. / .. . .: . ., 2001. 117.
4. , .. . . 2 . .2. / .. , .. , .. . .: , 2001. 504 .
5. . .: , 1989.
6. / . .. , .. . .: , 2001. 504 .
7. . // . 1986. . 150, . 1. . 107126.
8. Daviss B. Splitting the electron // New Scientist. 1998, 31.January. . 36-40.
9. Anderson P.W. When the electron falls apart // Physics Today. 1997, October. . 42-47.
10. . . // . 2000, . 170, 3. . 292301.