| ______ business cycle ______ innovation ______ technology ______ population ______ credit ______ fluctuation ______ spending ______ capital goods | a. goods that are themselves utilized in the production of other goods rather than being sold to consumers. b. the sum of money that a bank makes available to a client in excess of any deposit. c. the recurrent fluctuation between boom and depression in the economic activity of a capitalist country. d. an amount of money spent, especially regularly, or allocated to be spent. e. something newly introduced, such as a new method or device f. the total knowledge and skills available to any human society for industry, art, science, etc. g. the total amount of money in a country's economy at a given time. |
______ money supply h. constant change; instability
______ capital goods i. all the persons inhabiting a country, city, or other specified
place
Ex. 11. Match the synonyms.
| to give a nudge additional to hire fluctuation to distinguish external to occur significant internal to trigger off to generate a period spending | instability outer to push extra to give rise to employ to create a phase to differentiate expenditure to happen important inner |
Ex. 12. Match the words with an appropriate preposition and word-combination to make
A phrase.
| to distinguish fluctuations to occur changes demand development to lead a period a level investments money | within in for between of to | goods and services technology automobile and airplane external and internal events the economy itself the business cycles production capital goods bursts circulation expansion and boom |
Ex. 13. Give the English equivalents to the following words and phrases. Recollect the
Sentences of the text where they were used.
1. внутри самой экономики ______________________________________________
2. оказывать влияние на экономику ______________________________________
3. иметь обратный эффект _______________________________________________
4. экономический цикл вступает в период подъема __________________________
5. значительные политические события ____________________________________
6. расходы потребителей _________________________________________________
7. первоначальный рост инвестиций _______________________________________
8. создавать дополнительные рабочие места _________________________________
9. покупательная способность потребителей _________________________________
10. увеличивать уровень производства
Ex. 14. Define what parts of speech these words are.
1. to govern, government, governmental
2. creation, creative, to create
3. powerful, to power, power
Fill in the blanks with the words given above.
1. Man’s ________________ the Great Chinese Wall is the only man-made object visible from
outer space.
2. Planned economy is an economy with a large amount of _____________________ planning
and direction.
3. I’ll do everything in my ______________ to help you.
4. People who devise advertising campaigns must have a __________________ mind.
5. They go to the polls on Sunday choose the people they want _______________ their country.
6. The Labour Party is the most ________________ political force in the United Kingdom.
7. People have to face the indisputable fact that the media is controlled by the ______________.
8. To start working on a computer ___________________ it up.
COMPREHENSION
Ex. 15. Say if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
1. Internal events are those outside the economic system.
2. When investment decreases the economy enters a period of expansion and boom.
3. Changes in population affect the demand for goods and services.
4. Investment in capital goods like plants, tools and equipment, creates additional jobs, but it
doesn’t increase consumer purchasing power.
5. No economists tried to explain the nature of business cycles.
6. Governmental policies can give the business cycle an upward or downward nudge.
7. Economists describe government’s ability to tax and spend as its monetary policy, and its
ability to regulate the supply of money and credit as its fiscal policy.
8. When consumer spending is on the increase, business firms hire additional help and increase
their level of production.
