Leader: Good morning everyone. Are we all here?
Bertrand: Er, no Daniella isn`t here.
Leader: What (happen) _________ to her?
Bertrand: Her assistant (call) __________ a few minutes ago. Apparently she (have) __________ an accident. She (fall) ____ down. Some stairs earlier this morning and she (have to)
______ go to hospital. They think she (break) ______ her ankle.
Alicia: How terrible! I hope she`ll be OK.
Leader: Well, we must make a star. When we (meet) ___________ last week, we (decide)
________ that we (need) ______ to review the procedure for Rewarding good
Performance. Since then, two of you that`s Philippa and Duncan - (do)____ some research into several different models which we might consider. Philippa, can we start with you?
What you (find) _______ out?
Decide if the sentences below contain mistakes. Change the form of the verb where necessary.
1. I`m working in this company since two years.
2. I have been in the US a year ago.
3. I was there for five weeks in 1999.
4. The price has increased several times this month.
5. I was in this job for 30 years.
6. The computer crashed probably a virus.
Write the questions for the answer below.
1 We`re leaving on Friday at 4 pm.
2 I`m having dinner with our Japanese partners.
3 We employ 6,000 staff.
4 We`ve known each other for six years.
5 I didn`t tell you because it was confidential.
6 I recommend the more expensive model.
7 It cost $12,000.
8 We`ve decided not to do anything.
Make these questions more polite.
1 How much are they going to pay you?
2 Where`s the accounts department?
3 Can I leave my coat here?
4 What did you pay for your car?
5 What`s your name? I can`t remember.
References:
Adapted from Intelligent Business by Christine Johnson,p.15.
English in Civil Construction.
Unit 1. Construction documents.
Vocabulary.
Working drawings
Specification ,
Bill of quantities ,
Architect -
Architectural technician .
Contractor -
Symbols ,
This very important topic describes the functions of the main documents, such as the working drawings, a specification and a bill of quantities.
The working drawings are the basic documents prepared by the architect or architectural technicians to show the detailed plans, sections and elevations. They are drawn to a suitable scale and show the location and shape of the building. They also provide information about the dimensions, levels and general layout and services. They are used by the main contractor or subcontractors on site to construct the building. They are also used to obtain local authoritys approval, to prepare the specification, a bill of quantities and others.
The working drawing consists of site, floor, roof, foundation plans, elevations and sections. The plans show the details like the roof and floor. The sections show the internal parts like foundations and the floor. The elevations are the views of doors and windows.
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All the symbols must be common to all drawings.
The specification is a document describes the construction standards, required materials, the sizes and shapes of different parts. It describes how to do the building.
The bill of quantity allows the contractor to price the work, to determine the volumes of work and the number of workers.
All abovementioned documents should be made by specialists according to the code of practice and standards of appropriate countries and be approved by local authorities.
Answer the questions according to the text:
1. What documents do you need for approval for building construction?
2. What main construction documents do you know?
3. Why do we need specifications?
4. Why are all symbols common?
Exercises:
1) Match the English and Russian equivalents. Make up the sentences with these words and word combinations:
| 1. suitable scale 2. working drawings 3. specification 4. bill of quantities 5. to describe 6.to provide 7. dimension 8. elevation 9. local authorities 10. general layout 11. common 12. required 13. according to 14. abovementioned 15. appropriate | a. b. c. d. e., f. g., h. i. j. k., l. , m., n., o., |
2) Complete the sentences:
The working drawings are the basic documents prepared by
The working drawing consists of.
The bill of quantity allows the contractor.
All construction documents should be made by specialists according to..
The specification is a document describes...
3) Complete the sentences using Present Perfect Active:
f.e. I am very tired because (to work). - I have worked hard.
a) She can speak English because (to learn).
b) He can share his impressions about the film because (to see).
c) Im upset because (to fail an exam).
d) I have no money because. (to spend).
e) Shes looking for her gloves because . (to lose).
f) He is absent because..(to fall ill).
4) Complete the sentences using Present Perfect Passive:
f.e. The students have already done this job. - The job has already been done by students.
We have just received this letter.-
They have offered her some interesting work.-
I have invited some friends to tea.-
The students have written the test-paper without mistakes.-
They have built excellent hotels for tourists in the mountains.-
I have already ironed this dress.-
We havent discussed this question yet.-
Has anybody explained the rules of this game?-
References:
Adapted from Building Construction Principles and Practices by D.Walton.,pp.13-17.
