1) , .
should would + (Indefinite Perfect) .
.
I should offer another explanation to this phenomenon. . would have acted differently in these circumstances. - .
. , : (Indefinite), (Perfect).
might, could+ , ( . ).
2) that, , , , , , should, + :
The workers demanded that the law be put into effect. , .
advised that we should start at once.
, .
, , .
, , , , :
to advise
to arrange ,
to ask
to decree
to demand
to desire
to insist
to order ,
to propose
to request (), , ,
to require ,
to see to it ,
to suggest ,
to urge , ,
3) in order that ,
that ,
so that , ,
so as to ,
lest ...
9 . . 129
:
;
should+ ;
may, might .
:
purposedly left town in the evening in order that it might be night when he reached his dwelling.
, () , .
Take the book from the child lest it should spoil it.
, .
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A teacher must speak clearly so that his students may understand well.
, () .
4) that
it is necessary that...
it is important that...
it is strange that...
:
;
should+ .
:
It is desirable that everyone be present. , . It was very strange that they should have met in such a place.
, .
5) 1 :
;
1 . (. 166).
may, might ( )+;
should+ ( ).
Whoever the author may have been, his work is of a highest quality.
, .
Excellent though it be from the point of style, the work is devoid of historical value.
, ( ) .
6) than , , as if, as though , :
to be (were, were+ II; were+ I);
, Past Indefinite Past Perfect.
This conjunction is sometimes used as if it were a relative pronoun.
, .
7) :
would + ;
might + , ;
could + , .
We must come to an agreement that would put an end to all nuclear tests.
, .
There are some suggestions that might help in our work.
, .
8) would+ (Indefinite Perfect):
This fact would have been enough in our case.
9* 131
. define these features would require a lot of time. .
. , , .
1. I should agree with him.
2. Anyone would agree with him.
3. He proposed that we should go fishing in the evening.
4. We insist that the problem be dealt with by the Security Council in its full composition.
5. Without your help the work would have had much more mistakes.
6. In the entrance exams he missed some questions which a schoolboy could have answered.
7. It is not surprising, therefore, that Rome should begin to take a greater interest in the affairs of Greece.
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8. The load finally became unbearable. The people refused to pay taxes and asked that all debts be cancelled.
9. It was inevitable that William the Conqueror 2 should feudalize England.
10. This custom would have seemed strange to us.
11. He arranged that they should be relieved of their work for that time.
12. Milton 3 demanded three things of poetry: that it be simple, sensuous and expressive.
13. I hope that I can indicate methods that might be developed further.
14. Regrettable as that may be in view of the antiquity of our texts, the material is certainly too ambiguous.
15. They demand that their trusts and monopolies be given free access to these countries.
2 William the Conqueror ['Wiljam 9e'konkere] .
3 Milton (16081674), .
16. Pound (a poet) is a master of rhythmic invention in verse; there is probably no one who would want to deny this.
17. But being a Frenchman he had pushed his researches further than any Englishman at this period would have dared to.
18. The bailiff had to keep his eye on the unwilling workmen lest they should sit down for half-an-hour at a time at the end of every furrow.
19. They dared not come out in the day-time lest they should be noticed.
20. It was entirely undesirable that this information should be given away.
21. As a conclusion to this section, however, it is therefore, entirely proper that we quote one of his chapter headings.
22. The title of the first story is taken from the name of the hero. It is the best known of the series, and has been published separately, as if it were the entire work.
23. In that age of reason it was necessary that clearness of expression should be joined to precision of thought.
24. This is a hypothesis which could be proved only by the actual discovery of remains of this race.
25. It is remarkable that the common plural should be formed from the feminine singular.
26. Under whatever economic system a people may live, their language serves alike the activity of consolidating and defending that economic system, and also of changing it and replacing it by another.
27. Burns' 4 poetry is really more universal than this distinction would imply.
28. There are three other passages where a similar cure might well be applied.
29. A main theme in Chartist history was the attempt to create a sense of class unity which would bind together these three groups.
30. Lest it should be thought that we are making an unwarranted postulate, we may cite examples in languages other than English.
4 Burns (17591796), .
31. It would be a mistake to think that they are unaware of the fact.
32. Feeling less, Hamlet would have less inclination to act; thinking less, he would have more power to act.
28.
. , . :
if
even if if only in... not ... unless ...
in case (that) ; even though
provided (that) I ___ , ;
providing (that) j ^ suppose (that)) __ , ; granted (that) / granting (that) i _ ; given (that) J on condition that ;
.
I . . Present Future Indefinite, Present Indefinite:
If you listen carefully you will understand.
, .
If she promised me to be here, she will certainly come.
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, . , .
If I had spare time, I spent it on reading.
() , .
1 (be, have, give ) should+ .
:
If my information be correct, he has declined the proposal.
, .
should+Infinitive Indefinite , :
If he should ask you, don't tell him anything. ( ) , .
II . ( should, would Infinitive Indefinite), , Past Indefinite. :
If you listened carefully, you would understand. , . If she were asked to come, she would certainly come. , , , .
, should+Infinitive Indefinite ( ) were to+Infinitive Indefinite:
If he should see you here, he would be surprized. , . If I were to choose one of these books, I should take the first.
, .
III , . should would+ Infinitive Perfect. ,
Past Perfect. ( , II ):
If you had listened attentively, you would have understood.
, ( ).
If you had not told me, I should never have known the facts.
, ( ).
1. II III .
2. II III should would might could , , . . could might , . .
1. . .
1. If they had not been barbarians, they would not have destroyed Roman civilization.
2. Provided the Committee continued along this path, it would succeed in carrying out its task.
3. If this naval battle about which Herodotus says nothing is not a fiction we must assume that ships from Miletus and other Ionian cities were present.
4. If the whole of Hamlet were written in verse of this kind, the effect, obviously, would be intolerably monotonous.
5. If some grammatical category is absent in a given language, its meaning may be translated into this language by lexical means.
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6. We'd have gone on to the University, if we could have got scholarships.
7. If almost any two Oriental and European works of art be set side by side, one feels at once the gulf between them.
8. If he had lived, he would have been celebrating his sixtieth birthday.
9. If the question were less important it would not be worth labouring in a review.
10. If the scheme had been fully carried out, there would have been more than a hundred tales, but as a matter of fact, Chaucer has only given us twenty four tales.
11. So closely are the book and the writer bound together that unless the biography be fully written no real account of the growth of the book can be given.
12. But if that were all that could be said about those painters the affair would be simple.
13. For long campaigns he needed soldiers who were prepared to go anywhere provided they were paid.
14. If our alphabet were more perfect than it is, we should have one separate symbol to express each separate sound.
15. We are obliged to state that no one can understand the word cheese unless he has an acquaintance with the meaning assigned to this word in the lexical code of English.
16. It seems that the earliest inhabitants of the island were a race called cave men. Their very existence is questioned. If they were a real people, the only remaining traces of them are pit dwellings and shell mounds, and they must have been in the most primitive stages of culture.
17. If you look throughout the world, you shall find all men full of opinions, but knowledge only in a few.
18. Yet, if anything went wrong,5 the Francs at once suspected the Greek guides of treachery.
19. Unless he works hard and in earnest, he will be certainly plucked.
20. Any Negro threatening a Spaniard with any kind of weapon, even if no harm was inflicted, was to receive one hundred lashes. If the slave repeated the act, the hand bearing the weapon was nailed.
21. It would leave a false impression if nothing were to be said in this chapter about baroque sculpture and painting in Catholic Europe.
22. Provided there be only one accented syllable, there may be more syllables in any foot.
to go wrong , .
23. Tancred 6 declared that unless the Emperor's great tent was given to him filled to the brim with gold, as well as an amount equal to all the gold given to the other princes, he would swear nothing.
. ( ) :
Were she here, she would call at your Institute.
, . (. : ...).
Had you listened carefully, you would have understood (If you had listened...)
, ...
Should she see you, she would be surprized (If she should see you...).
, ...
What would become of the earth, did she cease to revolve! (If she ceased...).
, ?
1. did .
2. I should; II should, could, were; III had+ II.
:
if it were not for (II ),
if it had not been for (III ).
:
were it not for,
had it not been for.
Were it not for his arrival, we should go to the theatre. , .
but for : But for your help, I should not have finished my work.
6 Tancred , -.
, . ( but for+ ).
2. .
1. Should the train be late, don't wait at the station.
2. All this, were it to happen to me now, would seem perfectly natural and normal.
3. Had these facts been fully appreciated by the Allied Generals at the time the war would have taken a different course.
4. But for the labours taken by the compilers of this voluminous work, we could have no idea of the scope and extent of these law books of ancient Iran.
5. It is possible that had Keats lived longer he might have been a greater poet than Shelley, for his poems show a great progress from the earlier to the later.
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6. Had the author concentrated upon a single aspect of his subject, his study would have proved easier to read.
7. This information would have been highly satisfactory, had it not been for that hitch about the time.
