, , , , , , , , , , , , , AR. , 1996 . - Action Research International ( Bob Dick)4. Action Learning, Action Research & Process Management Association, Inc. (ALARPM)5, 1991 . , AR. , - 608
, , , , , . (Action Research Case Studies Newsletter ARCS), , , , .
Action research
Action research , : , , .
Kurt Lewin (1947)
Action research , , , .
Stephen Corey (1953)
Action research , , .
Robin McTaggart(1989)
Action research , .
Carl Glickman (1992)
: How is Action Research Defined? - http://www.fau.edu/divdept/ce/ sfcel/define.htm; Wadsworth Y. (1998) What is Participatory Action Research? Action Research International. http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/sawd/ari/a wadsworth.html
AR , , , , , op , , -, .. , , , , , . AR ,
, , .. , , , , , , , . AR - (soft systems methodology), , .
AR, , , , , , , .
|
|
, .. , , , AR - , , , AR , , , , . , . , . ( ) .
AR, , (, ) , , , , . AR , , , . AR , () . AR , ( AR
), .
Action research : participatory research, collaborative inquiry, emancipatory research, action learning,, contextural action research. .
AR, (learning) (action), (participation) (research) .
4.2.
- AR, , :
) ;
) (18591952), , ;
) , , ..
( . praxis ) , .. - ( , , ), , . , , . . , . , , AR: , . , , , .. .
|
|
- , AR.
AR (social intervention), - . , , , , , , ..
/? , -. , , , , , . , , , -, , .
- AR , , , . ().
4.3.
AR :
♦ , (, , ), ( , , , , .) (, , ..);
♦ , AR, , , , , 6.
( ) AR, - ( ).
AR Action research. , , .
, (fringe). , , , . , , (, , ) , , , , , , .
, . , . - , . , , . .
|
|
AR -. , . 7 AR. , , AR. , , , , , . , AR, , , . AR -, -
(1977), (1979), (1980), (1982), (1989)8. AR 9.
AR , , (learning), . , . , , , . .
AR :
♦ , , , , , , ;
♦ (, ) , ;
♦ , , , ;
♦ , , , ;
♦ : AR , .
4.4.
AR . AR (collaborative inquiry).
AR , , 10, .. , . AR, : ) , ) , ) , . , - , , , -. . , , , , -.
, - , . | , , , .
|
|
, AR : , , , , , ".
AR , - , , - (, ). . : ) ; ) . - AR , . - ,
, . 1990- . . . AR .
AR (), , . , . ; , , . . , .
AR . , , , , , ., . AR . , 1972 . , , .
4.5.
AR . , , AR , , , . . ?
. -
. . . , AR . , : , , ( ). , - . . , . , , -, , .
. , (), : , , , - (. 4.1).
(. 4.2): (). : . , . , , . . - , . , , . ( ) - ( ) : - , , - . , . (). , , , .
|
|
, , . , , , , . , , , , . , , : , , , , . , . , AR.
, , - . , . . , , . , , , , . , . , .
4.6. AR
AR , -- , , ( ). -.
AR - :
♦ , , ( , , );
♦ , , , , ;
♦ , , , , ;
♦ , , , -, -;
♦ , , , ..;
♦ , , , - , ( ) .
- , ( , NUDIST, Ethnograph, HyperRESEARCH). , , , , -, , , , . , , , , , , .
AR (search conference). , 1959 . . , Dannemiller-Tyson's Interactive Strategic Planning, Marvin Weisbord's Future Search Conference, Dick Axelrod's Conference Model Redesign, Harrison Owen's Open Space, ICA 's Strategic Planning. . 1991 . Canadian International Development Agency , 14.
4.7.
AR 1920- . 1990- .
, , , , 15. 16 (18901947), : , , 17. ( ) , . , ( - ) . - .
Action research, - , -, Action Research and Minority Problems (1946). AR , - , -. , . AR , , . , , . . - , , - , - .
, . AR 18. , -
. . . , .
Action research 1949 . AR , , -- (teacher-as-researcher)19. , , . , - 20. , , .
, - , , , , . , ,
196070- . A R , , , .
AR
I96070- ., . '22, AR: , , .
(TraditionalAction Research) . , -, - . - , - (Quality of Working Life QWL), ( ), .
(ContexturalAction Research), - Action Learning, - - . : context ( ) structure (). (reconstituting) - , ( ) , , , . , , , , . , (, , , , , - ), , .
(Radical Action Research) - , . (praxis), - , . , , - , , , . , , , . . . . , ,
. AR , , - , .
(Educational Action Research), , . . AR .
AR , , , , , , , , ., , .
AR : 1) , , 23; 2) , a AR ,
4.9.
, AR : ) ; ) . , , . . , , , 624
. , . , ( ).
Action research, - ' , , 1960- . . , . . , 25. , , , , j .
(, ). , . - {image group), . , . : . , . , , . . , , , .. , , , . . . -
. . - . , . , . , , , , , , 26.
. . .. {Action research) , , , . 27.
, . 28, 1970- . , AR , , , , . ( , , ), , , . , .
, . -, , , , , . , , 626
. - .
, . ( , ), , , .
: , , , .. .