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[369]
, 1960- . , , . , , , (Acker, 1992). , (, Arendell, 1995; Connell, 1990.1995; Collinson & Hearn, 1996; Fine, Weis, Addelston, & Marusza, 1997; Hood, 1993; Kimmel, 1996; Messner, 1997; Pyke, 1996; Schwalbe, 1996). , , . , , , , .
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, . -, , , , , , , . , , (Butler, 1990, 1993; Connell, 1992b; Flax, 1990; Frye, 1996; Nicholson, 1994; Thorne, 1993).
[370]
, , ; , ( , , ). - , (Gordon, 1994; Skocpol 1992), , , , , , , , (Bacchi, 1990; Barrett & Phillips, 1993; Fineman, 1995; Scott, 1990; Stacey, 1994; Vogel, 1993). , , . , . , . , . , , , . : , , , , , .
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, , , , . , . , , . , , -, , , , , , (Deegan & Hill 1998; Donovan, 1985; Lengermann & Niebrugge-Brantley, 1998). , (Friedman, 1993; Gilligan, 1982; Held, 1993), (Fisher, 1995; Ruddick, 1980). , (Kaufman and Richardson, 1982), (Bate & Taylor, 1988; Crawford, 1995;
[371]
Tannen, 1990, 1993, 1994), (Beutel & Marini, 1995; Lorde, 1984; Mirowsky & Ross, 1995), (Hite, 1976; Radway, 1984; Snitow, Stansell, & Thompson, 1983) (A. Campbell, 1993; Ruddick, 1994; Wilso & Musick, 1997). , , , , .
, , , . (Rossi, 1977, 1983) . , , , , , . , , (Gilligan, 1982), (Lever, 1978) (Best, 1983). , , . , , . , , , , (Fausto-Ster-ling, Gowaty, & Zuk, 1997).
, , , , , . , , , ; , , , . (Berger & Berger, 1983), . (J. Bernard, 1981, 1982), (Chodorow, 1978), (Risman & Ferre, 1995) . (M.Johnson, 1989). , , ( , ), (Best, 1983; Brown & Gilligan, 1992; Gilligan, 1982; Lever, 1978; Martin, 1998; Sidel, 1990). (, Kirk, 1997) , ,
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[372]
. , . , , , , , . , (Connell, Ashenden, Kessler, & Dowselt, 1982; Eder, Evans, & Parker, 1995; Passaro, 1996; Thome, 1993; West & Fenstermaker, 1995; West & Zimmerman, 1987).