- , , , , ().
, , , , .
: ; , ( , ).
, . , . :
, , , (PO43−).
, , , +N(R)4.
11) 4 6?
-- .
- IV - Zn2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Sr4+, Sn. : NaOH (H2S2). ().Al(NO3)3+NH4OH→Al(OH3)3+3NH4NO3 .
- V - Sb3+, Sb+6, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn. : NH4OH. . FeCl2+2NaOH=Fe(OH)2↓+2NaCl Fe2+ +2OH=Fe(OH)2↓ - .
- VI - Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Mg2+. : NH4OH. . [Cu(NH3)4]2+ - -. NiCl2+NaOH=Ni(OH)2↓+2NaCl .
12) 1 3 ? .
I (Na, K, NH4)
. Na+ + = ;
NH4+ +, = : NH4+ + - NH3 + 20
- II - (Ag+, Hg+, Pb+2) : Cl. , . Hg2NO3+HCl=Hg2Cl2↓+HNO .
III . (Ba+²; Sr+²; Ca)
: 2SO4
. SrCl2+H2SO4=SrSO4↓+2HCl Sr2++SO4=SrSO4↓ .