:
:
( )
18002000 :
:
:
( 1863 . ).
. E. , . , . , . , p- , , .
1. . . , , , , :
r2 | r2 | |||
≡ | → | r = r | → | r 2- r2 |
, , , .
2. . , . ll3 . (), .
ll3 | ||
≡ + HCI | → | 2 = l |
, , :
l r3 | ||
3 - ≡ + 2r | → | 3 - r2 - 3. |
3. . (II)'
Hg2+. H+ | ||||||
CH | ≡ | + 2 | → | [2 = - ] | ≡ | 3 = |
, . .
. ( ) . p- , p- . = = .
|
|
; ;, . , , :
Hg2+ | ||
3 ≡ + 2 | → | [3 - () = 2] → 3 - 3. |
.. (1881 .) .
4. . , , , .. . s-: ≡ ← . sp- . , , , :
R - C ≡ C-H + NaH → R-C ≡ C - Na + 2
(I) (I). .
≡ + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH → Ag-C ≡ C-Ag | ↓ | + 2NH3 + 2O |
7.
R-C ≡ CH + [Cu(NH3)2]Cl → R-C ≡ C- Cu | ↓ | + NH4Cl + NH3. |
:
R-C = C-Cu + HCl → R-C = CH + CuCl.
, , .
, . , (I) - :
RC≡CH+NaNH2(NH3) →RC≡CNa
RC≡CH+Cu+ (.) → RC≡C Cu () + H+
RC≡CH+Ag+ (.) → RC≡CAg() + H+
‒
5. . , . , CuCl NH4Cl , :
= + H → 2 = -.
; , , :
2 = - = + HCl → 2 = l = 2.
600 :
, :
6. . , . , . , :
|
|
R - C ≡ C-R' + 3[] + 2 → R - COOH + R' - COOH.
, , :
2 | 2 | |||
3 ≡ | → | 3 2 | → | 3 2 3. |
7.
≡ + RMgl> ≡Cgl
. . . , . , . . ( ) , .