. , , ( pH).
pH . pH (7.35-7.45) 0.1 . pH 0.3 , 0.4 . , pH. .
. , - .
, . :
1.
2.
3.
4.
. , pH. . . . 2 . + 2 :
2 + 2 - 2 3 - ^ + + 3 ^ - /1/
( ) ( ). . , .
, 1 , . , , , . 2 . , 2 ^ +.
: , .
^ + . (, , ) , NH 4 CL. Na^ +, , H^ +, HCO 3 ^ - NaHCO 3 . NaHCO 3 ( ) .
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: . : , , , , .
, , .
1. .
. = 7.35-7.45 .
.= 7.32-7.42 .
. = 6.9-7.4 .
2. PCO 2 - .
PCO 2 36-44 ...
PCO 2 42-55 ...
, . . , PCO 2 , , PCO 2 .
3. SB /StandartBicarbonate, ./ HCO 3 ^ - ( 2 = 40 ..., t = 38^ 0 , HbO 2 = 100%). SB 21-24 /. .
4. AB / ActualBicarbonate, ./ . HCO 3 ^ - . AB=SB. AB . AB , .
5. BB /BufferBase/ (HCO 3 ^ - + HPO 4 ^ 2- + NaPt^ - + KHb^ -), 44-54 /. BB ( 1 2).
H^ + + NaPt = Na^ + + HPt /2/
, CO 2 HCO 3 ^ - ( 1), NaPt, 2- . , .
.
6. BE / BaseExcess/ .
.
BE = BB NBB /3/
BE 2.5 /. 30 /.
, .
7. BE = BD , ( ).
/3/, BE? BB
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1. Astrup, -.
2. PCO 2 BB, SB, BE. , .
. , , .
( ) . ( ), CO 2 . PCO 2, . BB BE, , , .
, Na^ +, Ka^ +, Ca^ 2+, H^ +, Cl^ -, HCO 3 ^ -. , . , , . , , - .
() . . , H^ +, () ().
. , ( , , ), ( , , , , , ). , , . (NH 4 CL, - HCL, -HCL, .). , . , NaCL 3-4 /. Na^ + ( ), H^ +?, .
( , , , , , , ). , , . H^ + SB, BB, BE. SB PCO 2 . PCO 2 , . -- , , H^ +, ( 2). HCO 3 ^ - . . 10% ( ), NaHCO 3 (6-12 /)- . (, , THAM), 1/6 (12-20 /). .
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, .. CO 2 . . CO 2 CO 2, HCO 3 ^ -, , SB. SB , . H^ + . BB, BE, , , . Na^ +, K^ +, Ca^ 2+. H^ +, , . Ca^ 2+ . NaHCO 3 CL^ - , . ( .), , , CO 2 .
(), (). () , Na, NaHCO 3 (50 /), . () (, , ). , 2 . ( ) . SB, BB, BE. Na^ +, K^ +, Ca^ 2+, CL^ -. K^ +, Na^ + , . K^ + H^ + , . : 1% NH 4 CL, CaCL 2, KCL . , ( , pH ) () . . , .