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. , . , , , .

 

, .

 

, :

 

 

I. (5 . ..); (1066 .).

 

5-7 .. 11 . ..

(7-11 .; ) 4 ; , , . ( 6 .), . .

 

( . 8 .), 1016 . , . - , cop , .

 

1066 : , ( 12-15 . 3 - , ) . , 14 . .

, , , . , , .

 

II. 15 . 1485 . , ; . 15 . (1475 .), . (12-13 ..) (14-15 .).

 

(12- 15 .; ) , . , . 16-17 . .

 

(1476) . (1340-1400), , . , 15 . . ,

 

 

- , . , . , , .

 

III. 1500 . . (1500-1700 ..) ( 1700 ).

 

, , , , . , - .

 

15 . , . , , . , .

 

16 . .

, , - , . I am eating " ( )" I eat " ()". , , , . go "" , We are going to write We will write . go, walk " " ( : I have resolved to run when I can, to go when I cannot run, and to creep when I cannot go " , , ; , , , "), , , : We are going to go a long way .

 

: comeback " ", setback " ; ", comedown ", ", buildup " ; ", followup " ; ", holdup "; ", leadin ", ", input "; " ..

 

, , , . , : jet jet-propelled aircraft " ", op operation "", up promote ", ". , ERNIE (Electronic Random Number Indicator Equipment " "), , , , DSIR (Department of Scientific and Industrial Research " - "). , , , , , , , . , -, , : .

 

: - , , (-, -), - ; - -, - (), -, - . , , .

 

, , .

 

: (, ) .

 

(). (. 70% ), , . , 2- 13 - 1- 14 . -.

 

 

 

. , , (17581843), -er -re (center "", meter "", theater ""), -or -our (favor "",

honor "", labor ""), check cheque "", connection connexion "", jail gaol "", story storey "" .. . , , (the audience were .: " ", the government have .: " "), (to author "" author "", to research "" research ""), shall will ( ) have got have "", have gotten became "//". : , . : , .

 

: class "", half "", pass "", dance "" [æ] bad "", [a:] father ""; God "", got "/", rob "" [a:] father, cloth ""; u- dew "", duke "", new "" too "; ", you "" (.. [u:], [ju:]), tt, butter "", [d], , , r, car "" card "" , , r- .

 

, ; . , , : . . e`xtrao`rdina`ry . extr"o`rdin"ry, . la`b"rato`ry . la`b"rat"ry labo`rat"ry, . se`creta`ry . se`cret"ry. , , , , .

 

, , [r] car, barn, first, [a] lock, stop, knob, lot, [ae] [a:] ask, laugh, dance, . (., truck '' ' ' ), (., elevator '' lift, sidewalk pavement '' .). , - , ; . , , .

 

XX . .

, -, , -, , 3 .

 

: (conservative - ), (received pronunciation, RP - , BBC English) (advanced - ). - , . Advanced English . , : , , . , , . - - (RP). " " - (Eton, Winchester, Harrow, Rugby) (Oxford, Cambridge). , , . , , , . .

 

American English , , , , . - .

 





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