| Science and technology in Great Britain 1/Britain has a long tradition of research and innovation in science, technology and engineering. 2.Its record of achievements begins with the contribution of Isaac Newton to physics and astronomy in the 17th century (theory of gravitation and three laws of motion) and goes to Charles Darwin with his theory of evolution, and inventions of Michael Faraday in the 19th century (the first electric motor, generator and transformer). 3.This long record of achievement in science and technology has continued throughout the 20th century. 4.Nobel prizes for science have been won by 70 British, more than for any country except the United States. 5.In the last three decades major contributions have been made by British scientists working in universities, research institutes and industry. 6. These have included theories on black holes and the origins of the universe (Stephen Hawking); the. discovery of genes linked to cystic fibrosis and other diseases; the development of monoclonal antibodies and scanning techniques for medical diagnosis(Godfrey Hounsfield); the invention of DNA profiling to identify an individual from blood and tissue specimens; the world's first combined heart, lungs and liver transplant; Brian Josephson's research in superconductivity; Martin Ryle and Anthony Hewish discoveries in radio-astrophysics and many others. 7.Research is continuing in the fields of medicine and genetics. 8. The Government considers that public funding should support work in the basic sciences to advance knowledge and technological capacity and provide training for scientists. 9. Industry is expected, however, to fund the commercial application of scientific advances. 10. Many companies in major industries finance their own research and in their own laboratories. 11.Britain is involved in extensive programmes run by the EC to strengthen the technological basis of European industry and improve its competitiveness worldwide. 12.Over 300 British companies and other organizations are involved in EUREKA, and industry-led scheme to encourage the development of high technology products throughout Europe. 13.Britain's National Space programme is concerned mainly with earth observation from satellites for commercial and environmental applications. 14. British scientists have played a role in most European Space Agency missions, including the investigation of Halley's Comet in 1986 by the British-built Giotto spacecraft. | 1. , 㳿 . 2. 쳿 17- ( ) , 19- ( , ). 3. 20- . 4. 쳿 70 , - . 5. , , - . 6. ( );. , ' ; ( ); , ; , ; ; г - . 7. . 8. , , . 9. , , . .. 10 . 11. , EC, .12. 300 , 㳿 . 13. .. 14. , 1986 IJ.. |
8.3. Finish sentences: 1.Britain has a long tradition 2. This long record of achievement in science and technology3. Nobel prizes for science have been won4. Its record of achievements begins with the contribution of Isaac Newton to physics and astronomy5. In the last three decades6. Over 300 British
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Match the sides.
| Science and technology in Great Britain 1/Britain has a long tradition of research and innovation in science, technology and engineering. 2.Its record of achievements begins with the contribution of Isaac Newton to physics and astronomy in the 17th century (theory of gravitation and three laws of motion) and goes to Charles Darwin with his theory of evolution, and inventions of Michael Faraday in the 19th century (the first electric motor, generator and transformer). 3. This long record of achievement in science and technology has continued throughout the 20th century. 4. Nobel prizes for science have been won by 70 British, more than for any country except the United States. 5.In the last three decades major contributions have been made by British scientists working in universities, research institutes and industry .6. These have included theories on black holes and the origins of the universe (Stephen Hawking); the. discovery of genes linked to cystic fibrosis and other diseases; the development of monoclonal antibodies and scanning techniques for medical diagnosis (Godfrey Hounsfield); the invention of DNA profiling to identify an individual from blood and tissue specimens; the world's first combined heart, lungs and liver transplant; Brian Josephson's research in superconductivity; Martin Ryle and Anthony Hewish discoveries in radio-astrophysics and many others. 7. Research is continuing in the fields of medicine and genetics. 8. The Government considers that public funding should support work in the basic sciences to advance knowledge and technological capacity and provide training for scientists 9. Industry is expected, however, to fund the commercial application of scientific advances. 10. Many companies in major industries finance their own research and in their own laboratories. 11. Britain is involved in extensive programmes run by the EC to strengthen the technological basis of European industry and improve its competitiveness worldwide. 12. Over 300 British companies and other organizations are involved in EUREKA, and industry-led scheme to encourage the development of high technology products throughout Europe. 13.Britain's National Space programme is concerned mainly with earth observation from satellites for commercial and environmental applications .14. British scientists have played a role in most European Space Agency missions, including the investigation of Halley's Comet in 1986 by the British-built Giotto spacecraft. | 1. , , 2. , 1986 IJ.. 3. 4. , 㳿 5. , , . 6. 쳿 70 , - . 7. . 8.. , , - . 9. , EC, 10. 20- . 11. ( );. , ' ; ( ); , ; , ; ; г - . 12. . 13. 300 , 㳿 13. 14. 쳿 17- ( ) , 19- ( , |
8.5 Answer the questions:
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1. Britain has a long tradition of research and innovation in science, doesnt it?
2. What does.its record of achievements begin with?
3. What have these included?
4. Whom have major contributions been made by in the last three decades?
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5. What do many companies in major industries finance?
6. How many English companies and organizations are involved in EUREKA,?
IX.Summarizing.
X. Homework translate the text.
| 1. , . 2 17- ( ) , 19- ( , ). 3. 20- . 4. 70 , . 5. , , - . 6. ( );. , ; ( ); , ; , ; ; - . 7. . 8. , , . 9. ,, . . 10. . 11. , EC, . 12. 300 , . 13. .. 14. , 1986 .. | Science and technology in Great Britain 1/Britain has a long tradition of research and innovation in science, technology and engineering. 2.Its record of achievements begins with the contribution of Isaac Newton to physics and astronomy in the 17th century (theory of gravitation and three laws of motion) and goes to Charles Darwin with his theory of evolution, and inventions of Michael Faraday in the 19th century (the first electric motor, generator and transformer). 3. This long record of achievement in science and technology has continued throughout the 20th century. 4. Nobel prizes for science have been won by 70 British, more than for any country except the United States. 5.In the last three decades major contributions have been made by British scientists working in universities, research institutes and industry .6. These have included theories on black holes and the origins of the universe (Stephen Hawking); the. discovery of genes linked to cystic fibrosis and other diseases; the development of monoclonal antibodies and scanning techniques for medical diagnosis (Godfrey Hounsfield); the invention of DNA profiling to identify an individual from blood and tissue specimens; the world's first combined heart, lungs and liver transplant; Brian Josephson's research in superconductivity; Martin Ryle and Anthony Hewish discoveries in radio-astrophysics and many others. 7. Research is continuing in the fields of medicine and genetics. 8. The Government considers that public funding should support work in the basic sciences to advance knowledge and technological capacity and provide training for scientists 9. Industry is expected, however, to fund the commercial application of scientific advances. 10. Many companies in major industries finance their own research and in their own laboratories. 11. Britain is involved in extensive programmes run by the EC to strengthen the technological basis of European industry and improve its competitiveness worldwide. 12. Over 300 British companies and other organizations are involved in EUREKA, and industry-led scheme to encourage the development of high technology products throughout Europe. 13.Britain's National Space programme is concerned mainly with earth observation from satellites for commercial and environmental applications .14. British scientists have played a role in most European Space Agency missions, including the investigation of Halley's Comet in 1986 by the British-built Giotto spacecraft. |
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I. :
Who is on duty today?
Who is absent?
What date is today?
What day of week is today?
II : Today's topic is. .
By the end of the lesson you should be able:
to recognize in the text new words and expressions,
to understand their meaning and operate them by discussing the text;
to identify main ideas and details from the text;
to participate in common conversational exchanges on the topic of today's lesson.
.. . Grammar tests:
IV/. :
The knowledge of this topic will increase your outlook and knowledge of interesting facts
Help you as future specialists. You must be well-educated, cultured people. This information will help you to communicate with other people, with foreigners.
V : Read, translate and try to explain:
VI.
VII.
VIII.
The plan of the unit:
1 Introduction with new topic
2 Exercises
3 Read the dialogues and translate
4 Exercises
IX.. : (: ,
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X. ϳ Summarizing
XI. Homework
8.Exercises 䳺 (auxiliary verbs)
䳺sd 䳺 to be; to have; to do; shall; should; will; would. ֳ 䳺 .
1. Translate into Ukrainian. ( )
TO BE
1. Matter is constantly changing and is constantly moving._____________________________ 2. The Curies had been working for four years before they discovered radium3. Energy is measured in the same units as work. ___________________________________________________
TO HAVE
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1. He told her what had happened and left. __________________________________________
2. I will have read the story by 10 oclock. __________________________________________
3. Have you ever been in Moscow? ___________________________________________
TO DO
1. Why did you not come by the 9 oclock train? ______________________________________
2. Dont go away! ________________________________________________________
3. Does he help you? Yes, he does. _____________________________________________
SHALL
1. I shall be tired after the lecture. _________________________________________________
2. Shall he begin the experience? __________________________________________________
3. You shall get all the necessary books tomorrow. ____________________________________
SHOULD
1. I said that I should return on Sunday. ___________________________________________
2. If he should come, I shall speak to him about it. ____________________________________
3. You should have measured the difference in potential between the points X and Y. ____________________________________________________
WILL
1. We will help you if you wish. _________________________________________________
2. All right, I will do it. ________________________________________________________
3. Will you let me have a look at that letter? ________________________________________
WOULD
1. She said that they would have taken all the exams by the 21st of June. __________________
2. He said that he would return soon. ______________________________________________
3. He thought that we would be working all day. _____________________________________
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Read the text
