I II:
- c I ( ) W;
- ( ) - Q.
:
Q = DU + W, (1)
Q ;
D U = U2 U1 ;
W , .
|
U -
Q
- DV- , ( )
:
d Q = dU + dV (2)
) V = const, dV = 0 dW = dV = 0
:
d QV = dU QV = U2 U1 = DU
- QV - , ..
) - = const
Qp = D U + D V
.. D U= U2 U1, D V = V2 V1, Qp = U2 U1 + V2- V1 = (U2+ V2) (U1 + V1)
Qp = H2 H1 = D H
(, , )
: p ∆ V = ∆ν RT,
∆ν .
Qp QV:
- , .
- ,
, , , .
▼ (V = const)- QV = DU
▼ -
Qp = H2 H1 = D r H -
D r H 0
101 1 | |
1 / |
- .
:
Δ r < 0 - (Q >0)
|
|
Δ r >0 - (Q <0)