XIX ., 1879 . NW Ayer and Son , . . , 1911 . Curtis Publishing Company . Swift and company b US Rubber Company.
1916 . Eastman Research Bureau, . : Christian Herald. General Electric, .
. .
, 1880 1920 ., . . , .
. . 1920 . . Cosmopolitan .
1920 1940 . , . .
1921 . . , . . , . . 1923 . ., Galiup, . 1923 . .
30- , , . . . , . , . Survey Research Center.
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1940 1950 . . , . , .
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; . , . , , . . . : , , , .
ESOMAR; , NIPO, (WA POR), .
, 1950 1960 ., . .
60- . 70-. , 70- .
.
1960 1970 . . .
1970 . . , .
. Socratic Software Visual Q, , Windows, , , . .
CATI (computer-aided telephone interviewing) CAPI (computer-aided personal interviewing), .