| , .1-5 . , : . : , , , . . . The Present Simple Tense. there is / are. . (, , , ). . |
1
1. .
1. This country remains a major producer of industrial goods.
2. That country raises sheep.
3. The main centre of coal mining is in Wales.
4. It continues to grow.
5. He provides different services.
6. That plant consumes a lot of energy.
7. This business firm imports one kind of food
8. The government is interested in the country's economic growth.
2. .
1. Britain is my father's native country.
2. The government has reduced public ownership.
3. My parents work in manufacturing.
4. Answer these letters as soon as possible.
5. Don't sign the contract with Mr. Jones.
6. This businesswoman is very successful.
7. Mr. Jones is my mother's colleague.
3. , .
1. In manufacturing small companies predominate. (We / It / They) produce different goods and some of (its / their / her) goods are imported.
2. (They /We/ It) remains the centre of trade and finance.
3. Britain imports a large part of (its / his / her) coal.
4. Gross National Product of Britain grows fast. (It / They /He) grows faster than (his / it / its) population.
5. (We / They / Our) firm has a lot of contacts with British businessmen. (They / Them / Its) often send (our / ours / us) letters and faxes. (She / We /He) try to answer (their / them / they) as soon as possible.
4. .
1. British agriculture employs 2% of the work force.
2. Great Britain is among the most developed countries.
3. There are many coal fields in Wales.
4. British plants produce steel and machinery.
5. Chief imports of Great Britain are metallic ores and food.
5. .
ECONOMY OF GREAT BRITAIN
Great Britain has a developed mixed economy. It ranks among the top
industrial countries in growth rates and productivity. The Gross National Product (GNP) is growing faster than the population.
In manufacturing small companies predominate. Major manufactures include motor vehicles, different equipment and instruments, metal goods, chemicals. The government controls the production of coal, steel and ships
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Agriculture is highly mechanized and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the work force. In general raising of sheep and cattle is more important than crop cultivation.
Primary energy production accounts for 10% of Gross Domestic Product, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. The energy consumed in Britain comes from coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear power, and Britain's coal industry remains one of the largest and most technologically advanced in Europe.
Chief exports of Great Britain are automobiles, steel, machinery, tractors, chemicals, manufactured goods. It imports metallic ores except iron ore and food.
Over the past two decades the government has greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social programs. With the growth of the economies of other nations in the 20th century, the British economy remained relatively strong. It has continued to grow, and Britain remains a major producer of industrial goods and provider of services, as well as a centre of world trade and finance.
6. (6 ).
7. .
1. Raising of cattle is more important than crop cultivation.
2. Chief exports of GB are automobiles and machinery.
3. The government controls the production of coal.
4. In manufacturing small companies predominate.
5. Forests cover 12% of the land.
8. :
) Present Simple;
) , , .
: the highest ( ) - high.
9. .
1. What is your name?
2. How old are you?
3. Where do you come from?
4. Are you married or single?
5. Have you got children?
6. What do you do?
7. Where do you work?
8. How many people work in your department (firm, company)?
9. How many days a week do you work?
10. When does your working day begin?
11. How do you get to work and how long does it take to you?
12. What do you do during your working hours?
13. When does your working day finish?
14. What do you do after work?
2
1. .
1. That country has a highly developed industry.
2. The director makes a decision to develop a new product.
3. Our company produces medical equipment.
4. This company exports one kind of motor vehicles.
5. It is a large producer of petrol.
6. There is one factor governing production
7. He provides different services.
8. This sector produces 3% of Gross National Product.
2. .
1. The USA is rich in natural resources.
2. Individuals and business firms make most of decisions.
3. New York is my boyfriend's native city.
4. A lot of people work in my mother's company.
5. Businessmen develop new products every week.
6. Please, send this letter by fax to Ms. Whitestone.
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7. My colleagues and I often travel to the US on business.
3. , .
1. Forestry and fishing are less important. (We/It/They) produce 3% ofGNP.
2. (They / We /It) is the world's greatest economic power, and foreign trade plays an important role in (its /it /your) economy.
3. The Americans consume more than any other economy in the world, and (you / they / we) make most of the economic decisions themselves.
4. The agricultural sector produces a lot of corn and wheat Much of (its /they /them) are exported
5. (We/ Them / Our) often contact American firms by fax, and (them /they / its) usually send answers to (our / ours / us) letters by electronic mail. (Us / His / They) can't contact (we / our/ us) by
phone often because of the big time-difference between (your /its /our) countries.
4. .
1. The USA is one of the most highly developed states.
2. It has 5% of the world's population.
3. Manufacture of transportation equipment includes motor vehicles, aircraft and space equipment
4. There are 4 main factors governing productioa
The Americans consume more than any other economy in the
world
5. .
US ECONOMY
The USA is one of the most highly developed states and the world's greatest economic power in terms of Gross National Product (GNP). This is mainly due to its highly developed industry than to its rich
Mtural resources and advanced agriculture. International trade plays an important role in the US economy, too.
The US is rich in coaL iron, oil, natural gas, gold, silver, aluminium, etc. With only 5 percent of the world's population, the United States is theworld's second largest petrol-producing nation.
The agricultural sector produces nearly one-half of the world's corn;
about one-fifth of its beet pork, mutton and lamb; and more than one-tenth of its wheat. Much of them are exported Forestry and fishing produce less than 3% of the GNP.
One of the most important industrial sectors is the manufacture of transportation equipment, including motor vehicles, aircraft and space equipment. Other important sectors are machinery, food products and chemicals.
The US has the market-oriented economy, where individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the government buys needed goods and services mainly in the private marketplace. The American economy produces and the Americans consume more than any other economy in the world. The four main factors governing production are natural resources, labour, capital and entrepreneurship. Capital, saving and investment play the leading role in the American economy. US business firms are at the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers and in medical, aerospace and military equipment. They have greater flexibility than European and Japanese firms in decisions to expand their production area, lay off workers and develop new products.
6. (6 ).
7. .
1. The government buys the needed goods and services in the private marketplace.
2. One of the most important industrial sectors is the manufacture of transportation equipment.
3. The United States is the world's second largest producer of petrol.
4. Capital plays the leading role in the US economy.
5. Individuals and business firms make most of the decisions.
8. :
) Present Simple;
) , , .
: the highest ( ) - high.
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9. .
1. What is your name?
2. How old are you?
3. Where do you come from?
4. Are you married or single?
5. Have you got children?
6. What do you do?
7. Where do you work?
8. How many people work in your department (firm, company)?
9. How many days a week do you work?
10. When does your working day begin?
11. How do you get to work and how long does it take to you?
12. What do you do during your working hours?
13. When does your working day finish?
14. What do you do after work?
3
1. .
1. This country has an advanced economy.
2. There is a tariff on import of this kind of manufactured goods.
3. That country extracts natural resources.
4. There is a branch of that American company in Canada.
5. This person works in service industry.
6. He works in agriculture and grows wheat.
7. His company supplies the foreign market.
8. The nation of the country is primarily urban
2. , .
1. Many American business firms supply the Canadian market.
2. Canada closely resembles the USA.
3. The Canadian government encouraged manufacturing industries through protective tariffs.
4. My father works in manufacturing.
5. My sister's firm imports nickel and zinc from Canada.
6. My parents and I have a small farm producing dairy products.
7. Ms. Greenwood is from the north of Canada.
3. , .
1. Earlier Canadian economy was rural and now (she /he/ it) is mainly urban, and manufacturing plays an important part in (it / its / her).
2. (They /It/ We) has the same economic system as the US.
3. (Hers /It /Its) growth depends on (us / they / his).
4. A lot of Canadians work in manufacturing. (Its / Your / They) produce different goods and export (them / him / us) to the USA
5. (Me / My /1) brother now lives in Canada. He often comes to (him /her /his) native city on business. (Our / They /He) sometimes signs contracts with (our / we /hers) company.
4. .
1. Canada is the world's second-largest country.
2. Manufacturing employs 20% of its population.
3. There are a lot of natural resources in that country.
4. Two-thirds of the population work in service industries.
5. Canada closely resembles the USA.
5. .
CANADIAN ECONOMY
Canada is the world's second-largest country with one of the most complex and advanced economies in the world Canada closely resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards.
Earlier the growth of Canada depended on developing and exporting natural resources. It is rich in iron ore, nickel zinc, copper, gold, lead wildlife, coal, petrol, natural gas, etc. It still extracts and processes these resources, especially fish, furs, timber, and minerals. However, during the 20th century manufacturing and service industries became much more important. Those changes turned the nation from a largely rural into primarily industrial urban. Nowadays one-fifth of its population work in manufacturing; two-thirds work in service industries which include transportation, trade, finance and some others; and about 3% of dairy products' and so on. The Canadian government
manufacturing industries through protective tariffs on import of manufactured goods. As the result many American business firms established their Canadian branches, and now they supply the Canadian market.
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Canada is also highly integrated into the global economy through trade, and exports account for 33.6 percent of its Gross Domestic Product. It exports such goods as motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery,aircraft, telecommunications equipment, chemicals, plastics, petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminium. Its most important export partner is the US - its share in Canadian export is about 85%.
6. (6 ).
7. .
1. US share in Canadian export is 85%.
2. There are a lot of branches of American firms in Canada.
3. The country has a market-oriented economic system
4. Canada is rich in mineral resources.
5. Two-thirds of the population work in service industries.
8. :
) Present Simple Active;
) , , .
: the highest ( ) - high.
9. .
1. What is your name?
2. How old are you?
3. Where do you come from?
4. Are you married or single?
5. Have you got children?
6. What do you do?
7. Where do you work?
8. How many people work in your department (firm, company)?
9. How many days a week do you work?
10. When does your working day begin?
11. How do you get to work and how long does it take to you?
12. What do you do during your working hours?
13. When does your working day finish?
14. What do you do after work?
2
, .1-5 .
,
:
The Past Simple Tense.
The Present Perfect Tense ( Past Simple).
The Present Continuous Tense.
.
I ( Participle I) .
can, may, must.
much, many, (a) little, (a) few.
some, any, no.
1
1. .
1. The talks with the British businessmen start tomorrow at 10 a.m.
2. Our Director General has some proposals concerning their offer.
3. We sent some letters and faxes to that company last month.
4. The two parties are going to discuss the price of the goods.
5. There were some problems with the quality of the goods last year.
6. We have already improved their design.
7. They will pay by the Letter of Credit
8. We must also agree upon the terms of deliveiy.
9. We can sign the contract during our next visit to Britain.
2. some, any, no.
1. There is not_ government control in the pure market economy.
2.Are there___ forecasts of a rise in unemployment? - Yes, there are.
3.In the public sector of British economic life there are ______nationalized industries.
4.The government has delayed reforms for practical economic reasons.
5.They have____ time to realize the project.
6. Last month we did not receive____orders from Scotland.
3. much, many, little, a little, few, a few.
1. How__ money did your company spend on advertising last year?
2. Every executive in our firm can speak English ______.
3. We don't make_ business in African countries, as we have _____partners there.
4. My boss usually gives me very ___time to prepare the papers he will need, that's why I sometimes feel____nervous.
5. Last month our managers made trips to Europe, but unfortunately very____to Asia.
6. How___ time does it usually take your staff to study a business offer?
7. Are there__ market analysts in your firm? - No, only.
8. He pays very_ attention to figures; he is more interested in people's opinion about the project.
4. , .
1. Mr. Jones, study our price-list please.
a) What is Mr. Jones doing?
b) What has he done?
c) Who has studied the price-list?
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d) What did he do an hour ago?
2. Linda, send this offer to Glasgow by fax, please.
a) What is Linda doing?
b) What has she done?
c) Who has sent the offer to Glasgow by fax?
d) What did she do ten minutes ago?
5. (Past Simple Present Perfect), .
1. Our secretary (to type) a lot of letters (this month, just, two days ago, recently, last week).
2. We (to decrease) our prices (last year, lately, already, this year, in 2003).
3. Our staff (to be) in/to the USA (last month, in December, twice, a year ago, just).
6. , .
The first Spaghetti House restaurant (open) in London in 1955.Since that time several more restaurants (appear), and now there (be) a chain of 14 restaurants in the London area. Many of the pasta dishes (be) prepared in central kitchens, and the same dishes (be) on the menu in most of the restaurants. The chain (have) an excellent reputation and (manage) to develop a product range for customers of all ages. It (have) a slogan: "From our House to your Home".
A few years ago they (launch) a range of prepared pasta dishes designed to go on sale in supermarkets. That is why the most popular dishes (be) now available to the public all over Britaia
The Spaghetti House product (be) different from other products on the market. It (be) a ready-to-cook meal for 1 or 2 people. You (not need) either sauce or cheese and can (cook) it easily in microwave oven.
7. ( ).
1. with, for, from, in, of, on:
I work___ Ross import, Ltd. We are interested _selling our products both___the domestic market and abroad. Lately we have signed several agreements____ some businessmen______________ Europe ___our new kind_____ ____electronic equipment. We hope it will be ___great demand______________________ ___Europe as its price is relatively low.
2. on, of, at, to, by, from:
Last week Mr. Wriggles, a Sales Manager____one____the British companies came__________________________________ Moscow to discuss their possible purchase___our produce. He contacted our Sales Director___phone, and they agreed to meet Wednesday ___ 11 a.m.
3. with, to, for, between, during, at, of:
Mr. Wriggles arrived _ the meeting__ 11 a.m. sharp. __the talks the parties discussed different issues concerning the future agreement the two firms. ___the end ___ the meeting Mr. Wriggles said he was satisfied___the result ___ the talks and thanked our Sales Director_____________________ ____a hearty welcome.
8. I.
1. A company which buys goods from a foreign country should get an import licence.
2. When I talk over the phone with a British businessman. I always find difficulty speaking English.
3. Mr. Bose, who is visiting our firm at the moment is interested in establishing good relations with our executives.
4. When you write a business letter, you should make use of the formal style.
5. Any company which advertises its products tries to attract customers.
9. .
Ask the representative of a foreign firm:
1. when he arrived in Moscow;
2. how many times he has been to Russia;
3. where they found information about your company;
4. why they are interested in doing business with you;
5. what kind of products are in great demand in their country;
6. what terms of delivery they prefer;
7. what method of payment is acceptable for them;
8. when they can sign a draft contract with your company;
9. when he is leaving for London.
10. .
Mr. Brown from Clothco phones Rossimport
Gavrilov: Gavrilov speaking.
Brown: Good morning, Mr. Gavrilov. I'm calling to inform you that we have accepted your business proposal. However, before signing the contract we need to clear up some points
concerning transport and delivery terms. When could you meet our representative?
Gavrilov: I' 11 be pleased to see him on Monday next week.
Brown: Will the draft contract be ready by that time?
Gavrilov: Yes, it certainly will.
Brown: I'm glad to hear that Mr. Swan, the representative of our company, is coming to Moscow on March 16 at 6 p.m.
Gavrilov: I believe that will be next Sunday.
Brown: You are right.
Gavribv: Our driver will take Mr. Swan from the airport to his hotel.
Brown: Thank you in advance.
Gavribv: Don't mention it. I hope we will come to an agreement with your representative.
Brown: I am sure you will. In this case we could sign the contract next month.
Gavrilov: I hope so. We are looking forward to seeing you in Moscow in April. Thank you for calling.
Brown: Give my best regards to your Managing Director. Good-bye.
Gavribv: Good-bye.
2
1. .
1. Our Managing Director is visiting the USA in January.
2. Our secretary has already reserved a room for him in a hotel.
3. He will speak English a lot there.
4. They are going to agree upon the total value of the contract.
5. They met to discuss the terms of payment last month.
6. There was some dispute concerning the guarantee.
7. We can meet all their requirements easily.
8. Our company has already fulfilled contracts like this one.
9. This kind of produce is in great demand in their country.
2. some, any, no.
1. They would like to buy kinds of our produce.
2. Our company doesn't have business contacts with European countries.
3. This manufacturing company has branches in American cities.
4. Were there__ letters for me while I was away? - Yes, there were___.
5. Yesterday I had_ time to study those papers, because I held ____important production meetings.
6. We didn't produce foodstuffs ten years ago, but have added ____kinds of them to our range of products recently.
3. much, many, little, a little, few, a few.
1. How __ time does it take you to get to your office?
2. It's a pity, I have__ experience of negotiating with foreign partners.
3. I've met this sales representative times, but I don't remember his name.
4. They haven't received large orders lately, that's why they seem pessimistic.
5. I can't give you a decision yet I need time to think.
6. Things are not going well for the marketing department. They have___problems and___ money.
7. Our secretary isn't very busy these days. She hasn't got ____to do.
8. This firm is very small - it employs only____people.
9. We haven't spent money on advertising this month.
4. , .
1. Miss Greenwood, copy these papers, please.
a) What is Miss Greenwood doing?
b) What has she copied?
c) Who has copied the papers?
d) What did she do 5 minutes ago?
2. Ms. Silverstone. read Clause 5 of the draft contract please.
a) What is Ms. Silverstone doing?
b) What has she read?
c) Who has read Clause 5 of the draft contract?
d) What did she do half an hour ago?
5. (Past Simple Present Perfect), .
1. This department store (to expand) the assortment of goods (this year, already, in summer, lately, last year).
2. He (to make) several long-distance phone calls (this week, just three days ago, last month, lately).
3. I (to be) in/to New Zealand (last week, once, in October, a year ago, never).
6. , .
Unilever (be) created in 1930 when the British soap maker Lever Brothers (merge) with the Dutch margarine producer Margarine Unie. Lever Brothers (be) founded in 1885 by William Lever, whereas Margarine Unie (grow) with other margarine companies in the 1920s. Both companies (compete) for the same raw materials, both (be) involved in large-scale marketing of household products and both (use) similar distribution channels. Between them, they (have) operations in
over 40 countries.
Now Unilever (employ) 247,000 people and (have) two parent companies - Unilever NV and Unilever PLC, which (operate) as a single unit with the same board of directors. Its corporate centres (be) in London and Rotterdam Their biggest brand (be) Knorr, with 2.3 billion sales in over 100 countries. They (be) the number one producer of frozen foods in Europe and the category leader in margarine and olive oil. They (become) the world's leading ice-cream producer and the largest seller of packet tea in the world through their Lipton and Brooke Bond brands.
7. ( ).
1. over, in, with, at, to, of:
I am a Sales Manager one____ Russian firms. Our firm would like to distribute its roducts all____the world. This year our Sales Department has sent a lot __advertising materials___different countries. Unfortunately, we haven't got many replies. So far only one American company has got interested____cooperating_____us.
2. on, by, of, in, to, from:
Last month Mr. Swan, their Sales Manager, called me America. He said he had studied our catalogues and would like to meet me___person. He wanted to discuss their possible purchase___stationery produced ___ our firm. He was coming St.Petersburg ___November, so we agreed to meet ___ 23 November.
3. at, with, to, by, on, of:
Mr. Swan phoned me again 20 November. He said he wanted to postpone our meeting. We met at last____the beginning___December. He was short___time, so we only managed to discuss the
main points_ the future agreement. I promised to send them the draft contract__fax and to come___the USA___January to have talks their CEO and sign the contract___him.
8. I.
1. That man who is studying a brochure is our advertising manager.
2. Last week my assistant sent you the letter, which showed all our prices.
3. When you are flying abroad, you have to fill in a customs form.
4. The company which supplies office furniture to us gives a three-year guarantee on it.
5. When you apply for a iob. you should have some references.
9. .
Ask the representative of a foreign firm:
1. how long he has been in Russia;
2. how many times he has visited this country;
3. what he liked most in Moscow;
4. who has recommended your firm to them;
5. how many Russian firms they have dealt with;
6. what kind of services they provide;
7. what terms of payment they prefer;
8. when they are going to send you their official business proposal;
9. when they expect you to visit their country.
11. .
Mr. Jones from Britain phones a Russian firm,
Smirnov: Smirnov speaking.
Jones: Good afternoon, Mr. Smirnov. This is David Jones. I'mcalling to inform you that we have carefully studied your proposal and are ready to accept it But before signing the contract we have to clear up some points concerning the terms of payment. When could we meet?
Smirnov: I am visiting the Trade Fair in London at the end of January.
Jones: Is it possible to prepare the draft contract by that time?
Smirnov: Yes, it is.
Jones: I'm glad to hear it.
Smirnov: Well, I'm coming to Britain on 23 January. The Fair lasts 3 days, so we could meet on the 26th.
Jones: That suits me.
Smirnov: I am staying at the Regent's Hotel.
Jones: My driver will take you from the hotel to our office.
Smirnov: Very good. I hope we'll reach an agreement.
Jones: I am sure we will.
Smirnov: In this case we could supply you the goods in February.
Jones: I think so, too. I look forward to meeting you in Britain. Give my best regards to your staff.
Smirnov Thank you for calling. Good-bye.
Jones: Good-bye.
3
1. .
1. Our Sales Manager is seeing some Canadian businessmen tomorrow.
2. The purpose of their visit is to discuss cooperation of our firms.
3. The Canadian firm has already studied the production catalogues.
4. They are very interested in heavy machinery.
5. They saw our production area during their last visit.
6. They will probably place a large order with us.
7. Our produce meets all their requirements.
8. We can give them a 5% discount.
9. Our managers are looking forward to this visit.
2. some, any, no.
1. There are____branches of Moscow commercial banks in this city.
2. Do you have___means of identification?
3. I have____important meetings today, so I don't have____time to talk to you.
4. I can't lend you____money, as I have____ money on me.
5. Were there____messages for me in the morning?
6. It's not inflation when the prices of____goods have gone up.
3. much, many, little, a
little, few, a few.
1. They can't pay right now as they have money left on their account.
2. How_________________________ experience in sales have you got? - Just
2. My business partners offered interesting ideas.
3. I didn't have sleep yesterday, because I was typing a report.
4. They have recently added ___ items to their assortment of goods.
5. Last year the price of our products did not change__________________________________.
6.Were you nervous before the meeting? -.
7.There aren't_ plants in the centre of the city.
6. How trips abroad did you make last year? - Not.
4. , .
1. Lisa, reserve a single room in the Regent Hotel, please.
a) What is Lisa doing?
b) What has she done?
c) Who has reserved a room?
d) What did Lisa do 10 minutes ago?
2. Mr. Highgate. discuss the final price with our contractor, please.
a) What is Mr. Highgate doing?
b) What has he discussed?
c) Who has discussed the final price?
d) What did he do an hour ago?
5. (Past Simple Present Perfect), .
1. This chain (to open) a new restaurant (this month, not yet, last winter, recently, yesterday).
2. I (to send) some faxes (last Monday, just, a week ago, this month,lately).
3. Their Director General (to be) in/to England (never, last month, in November, 2 years ago, twice).
6. , .
Marks & Spencer (or M&S) (be) Britain's favourite store. Tourists (love) it too. It (attract) a great variety of customers, from housewives to millionaires. Last year it (make) a profit of £529 million,
which (be) more than £10 million a week.
It all (start) about 110 years ago. A young Polish immigrant, Michael Marks (have) a stall in Leeds market, but he (not have) many things to sell. Ten years lata-, he (meet) Tom Spencer and together they (start) Penny Stalls in many towns in the north of England Since then
564 branches of M&S (appear) all over the world - in America, Canada, Spain, France, Belgium and Hungary.
The store (base) its business on 3 principles: good value, good quality, and good service. Also it (change) with the times. But the most important key to its success (be) its happy, well-trained staff.
7. ( ).
1. of, in, for:
I work___ a large company located the centre__ Chelyabinsk. Our company produces medical equipment and distributes it__the local market. Last month we took part__an exhibition__Moscow. A lot__Russian companies got interested our production.
2. with, for, of, in, to, from:
Just after the exhibition we got some phone calls several companies. They wanted to conclude contracts ___us. So, we sent our sales representatives ___ different parts___Russia. They took our latest catalogues__ them and showed them our customers. As the result, we got several orders___our new model.
3. about, in, to, by, from:
Our company would also like to distribute products___ foreign markets. We have sent some business offers___fax___some countries and received 10 replies___all over the world. Some
foreign businessmen are coming_________ Chelyabinsk summer. I am looking forward___ their visits.
8. I.
1. This company, which is looking for foreign partners, is going to expand.
2. I have sent you my resume, which describes my working experience.
3. When you go through the customs you have to show your passport and declaration to the officer.
4. The Sales Manager who is planning to visit us next month has a very interesting offer.
5. When you are studying a quotation, you should pay attention to the terms of delivery.
9. .
Ask the representative of a foreign firm:
1. when she came to Russia;
2. how long she is staying in this country;
3. how many times she has visited Moscow;
4. what she liked most there;
5. how many Russian partners they have;
6. how they came to know about your firm;
7. what kind of services Ihey are interested in;
8. what terms of payment they use;
9. when they are planning to sign a contract with you.
10. .
Mr. Simpson from a London firm phones some company in Moscow.
Davydov: Davydov speaking.
Simpson: Good morning, Mr. Davydov. This is Clark Simpson. I'm phoning to inform you that we have just finished studying your papas and are going to accept your proposal. Nevertheless, before concluding an agreement we need to discuss some issues concerning the guarantee. When could your representative come to our country?
Davydov: Getting a visa will take a month. I believe, not earlier than the end of the next month.
Simpson: Could he bring a draft agreement with him?
Davydov: Yes, of course. I will also send you the catalogue of our new products.
Simpson: It is so kind of you.
Davydov: Don't mention it. I hope you will be interested in buying some new models from us, too.
Simpson: You are right. We are going to expand our range of services, so we will need some new equipment.
Davydov: The specifications of our new models meet the latest standards, and they are already in great demand in Moscow region.
Simpson: Well, as soon as your representative gets a visa, contact us by fax or phone. We'll book a return ticket and a hotel room for him.
Davydov: Thank you in advance. I hope as the result of this visit you will sign the agreement.
Simpson: I hope so, too.
Davydov: In this case, we could supply you the equipment within two months.
Simpson: It suits us. We look forward to meeting the representative of your company and signing this agreement.
Davydov Thank you for your call. Good-bye.
Simpson: Good-bye.
3
| , .1-5 . , : Reported Speech ( ). . The Past Continuous Tense. The Past Perfect Tense. some, any, no, every. . |
1
1. , .
1. They (have to) deliver equipment last month.
2. We (not have to) sign the contract now, we intend to discuss it with
our boss.
3. I'm sure we (be able to) deliver in time.
4. Freight (be to) be paid by the supplier.
5. The flight (be to) depart at 2 p.m. and to arrive tomorrow.
6. They (have to) send the catalogues and price lists within the next week.
2. some, any, , every (+body/one, +thing, -where).
1. Did you see__ there?
2. Would you like__ to drink?
3. There is___ left to eat, let's go and buy____.
4.I liked_____at the party. They were all interesting and friendly people.
5.I didn't tell____ your secret. You should believe me!
3. , to ask, to order, to tell.
: Our business partner said: "Please open a Letter of Credit with our bank!" Our business partner told us (asked us, said to us) to open a Letter of Credit with our bank.
1. John to Maty: Please type this letter!
2. Our boss to us: Don't send the invoice by fax.
3. The Sales Manager to me: Look through the price lists carefully!
4. The Managing Director to a subordinate: Clarify the details of the contract immediately.
4. , .
1. What will you do if the size of the order doesn't suit you?
2. What will you do if you receive substandard goods?
3. Will you do business with a company if you are not sure of its creditworthiness?
4. Will you increase your order if the supplier offers a discount to you?
5. Will you claim a penalty if you suffer losses due to unforeseen circumstances?
6. Will you cover your partners' losses if their claim is well-grounded?
5. , .
It was ten o'clock at night. Eddie was tired and hungry. He (,spend) the last five hours talking to the company's senior managers. He {realise) that he would have to resign from his job, and also that (face)the possibility of going to prison.
Six months ago, everything (be) fine. He (have) a wonderful job and he (make) a lot of money. Then he (meet) some people who (advise) him badly. They (give) him a list of companies arid (tell) him to buy their shares. He (have to) use the company's money to do this. At first the shares (rise), so he (buy) some more. Everything (seem) so easy.Then the stock market (crash) and he (lose) everything.
Eddie telephoned his wife before leaving the office. He (apologise) for not phoning earlier, explaining that he (have) a difficult meeting. "You (sound) upset. Anything wrong (happen)!" she asked. "I (tell) you about it if you (want) and when I (get) back," he (reply).
6. 5.
7. .
Mr Valov: Well, Mr Hill, I promised to check when we would be able to deliver the trucks. Now I can tell you that we'll only be able to offer you twenty-five trucks for prompt delivery.
Mr Hill: I see. And what about the others? We can offer them to you on forward delivery terms.
Valov: What exactly do you mean?
Mr Hill: Within six months.
Valov: Still we'd like to know a definite date for the last shipment. In the contract we can stipulate as follows: "final shipment no later than such and such date", that is some definite date we can agree on.
8. , .
1. What is the best delivery date the plant can meet?
2. What may the delivery date depend on?
3. What will happen if the supplier can't meet the final shipment delivery date stipulated in the contract?
4. What about a visit to the supplier's factory?
5. What is the volume of the order?
2
1. , .
1. She (have to) pay immediately?
2. If you travel on business, you (have to) book accommodation at the hotel.
3. We (have to) cancel the order last time because the supplier went bankrupt.
4. If you don't include this clause in the contract, we (be able to) claim in case of misdelivery.
5. You (be able to) sign the papers tomorrow?
6. You (not be able to) arrive in Paris tonight because the airport is closed.
2. some, any, , every (+body/one, +thing, +where).
1. Don't tell____ about the faulty machine. We'll find out the reason by ourselves.
2. Where shall we place the cargo? - It doesn't matter. Place if you like.
3. It was ____ 's iault. It happened because of force majeure circumstances.
4. phoned you and I took a message.
5. Where are you going? - _. I'm waiting for my colleague.
3. , to ask, to order, to tell.
: Our business partner said: "Please open a Lett of Credit with our bank!" ► Our business partner told us (asked us, said to us) to open a Letter of Credit with our bank.
1. The secretary to the boss: Please, sign the documents.
2. The supplier to the buyer: Increase the order if you want to get a
discount.
3. My colleague to me: Please help me with the urgent job.
4. The Chairperson to managers: Cancel the meeting!
4. , .
1. What will you do if your counterparts reject your claim?
2. Will you agree to give a discount if the buyer doesn't increase the order?
3. What will you say if someone phones you and asks to get a message?
4. Where will you stay if you go on business abroad?
5. Will you send catalogues and price lists to your business partners if they ask you?
6. What will you do if you want to negotiate a deal with your business partner?
5. , .
Dear David
I (try) to phone you several times but have not been able to contact you. You want to hear about my recent sales trip, so I (fax) you this short report now.
During the trip, I (visit) a number of supermarkets in southern France where I (give) presentations of our new products. There (be) a great deal of interest in our new cola drink. If everything (go) on like this, it (be) a winner over here. In Lion and Bordeaux, I (meet) the owners of some large retail outlets and (inform) them of our new discount policy. So far, no one (complain) about the lower discounts we are offering.
Last Saturday, I (have) an enjoyable lunch with Martine Roland - one of our best customers who (promise) to buy 20 cases of our new cola drink. But I (not receive) an order from her yet I (let) you know as soon as I (hear) from her.
In Nimes, I ran into Francois Duperrier. He (have) a difficult time lately. He (leave) his last job in May and since then he (be) unemployed. He (know) the French market very well. If he (become) our area representative in the South of France, we (benefit) a lot. What do you think? Let me (know) as soon as possible.
Best wishes
Nathalie
6. 5.
7. .
Mr Valov: As I understand, before we move on to the problem of price, we'll have to discuss the payment terms. Right?
Mr Hill: That's correct What are your suggestions in this particular case?
Mr Valov: I would suggest this: first of all, we'd like you to make an advance payment for ten trucks of those shipped in the first lot.
Mr Hill: An advance payment for ten trucks? As far as I understand, it will make up ten per cent of the total value of the contract Right?
Mr Valov: That's what I mean. As a matter of fact, a ten per cent advance payment is our usual practice.
Mr Hill: I agree. Moreover, we'll give you a letter of guarantee of our bank that the advance payment will be refunded to you if we fail to deliver the trucks.
8. , .
1. What is the legal status of the above mentioned letter of guarantee?
2. What about the rest of the sum?
3. Which bank will the buyer open a letter of credit with?
4. How long is the letter of credit considered valid?
5. In which currency must the payment be made?
3
1. , .
1. The discount (be to) be given to us in accordance with the contract.
2. He (have to) wait for me yesterday morning? I'm so sorry.
3. They (have to) pay as twice as the price if you make your order next month.
4. The replacement (be to) be sent right now.
5. The payment (be to) arrive by the end of the week.
6. You (not have to) pay cash, you may use your credit card.
2. some, any, ,
every (+body/one, +thing, +where).
1. I don't know __ about the order. Could you tell me?
2. Is_____ ready for the business trip? - Yes, let's take a taxi to the airport.
3. Do you have to claim____?
4. knows that paper is made from wood.
5. Did you ever go_ abroad? - No, never.
3. , to ask, to order, to tell.
: Our business partner said: "Please open a Letter of Credit
with our bank!" ► Our business partner told us (asked us,
said to us) to open a Letter of Credit with our bank.
1. The buyer to the supplier: Deliver goods on time!
2. The Managing Director to the secretary: Please, make a cup of coffee for me!
3. My friend to me: Help me to negotiate the deal.
4. The manager to accountants: Check all the bills.
4. , .
1. What will you do if you are interested in a company's goods?
2. What will you do if your business partner doesn't play a square deal?"
3. What terms of delivery will you choose if your business partner is a foreigner?
4. What will you do if you are late for a meeting?
5. What will you do if your secretary is inefficient and nide?
6. Will you pay an advance if you make a large order?
5. , .
Good morning and congratulations on becoming a member of Caferoma's successful sales team. I'm Peter Fisher, Head of Sales. First I (introduce) myself and then I (tell) you a little about our new company.
I (leave) university 20 years ago and then I (go) to the United States. I (Join) Caferoma 15 years ago and (work) in the Sales Department for 10 years. I (become) Head of Sales last July and (not
have) a holiday since then.
Caferoma (be) the market leader for many years now. You (find out) that if you (look through) pur annual report After we (reorganise) our Sales Department, we (beat) all our main competitors. Since November, our turnover (increase) by 12% and our share prices (rise) sharply because of our excellent results. If everything (go) well, we (cut) costs by 10% next year.
Bringing us up to date, last week Caferoma (launch) an advertising campaign for a 16w-price decaffeinated product I \be) sure you already (hear) about it. So it (be) your first job to sell this product.
6. 5.
7. .
Mr Hill: Well, what's on die morning agenda today?
Mr Valov: There are two final problems which need discussing.
Problem number one is prices. I am sure, you do find our prices acceptable, don't you?
Mr Hill: Well, I can't say that the price you quoted impressed me very much. It has gone up by 15 per ent against the price list. How can you explain that?
Mr Valov: First of all world market prices have risen lately. Moreover, we have made some modifications in the truck.
Mr Hill: We've got here price calculations on similar trucks based on West-European market prices. They are much lower than yours.
Mr Valov: Let me have a look, please... I think your calculations are based on unreasonably low prices. They don't take into account the rise in prices for components.
8. , .
1. Areefrnpetilors' trucks as technically advanced and reliable as the supplier's ones?
2. What are the results of the tes ts which the trucks haye passed?
3. What about getting permission the traffic authorities to use the trucks in the buyer's country?
4. Who will cfever the customs duties for bringing the trucks into the buyer's country and the costs of the tests necessary for getting the perrtussion?,
5. Will the supplier give a discount off the price to compensate the buyer for the above mentioned expenses.
