, , , , ( ), ; .
-, - (. Lang, 1971). , .
, , ; , Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition, 1958 . 70- . , : , , . . ( - . ), . (D'Zurilla & Goldfried, 1971; Goldfried & Goldfried, 1975), (Mahoney, 1974 Meichenbaum, 1977, 1985). , . (. Kanfer et al., 1996) (Kanfer, 1970; Kanfer & Karoly, 1972; Mahoney & Thoresen, 1974; Hartig, 1973) (Karoly & Kanfer, 1982; Kanfer & Gaelick, 1986).
(. Mahoney, 1974; Kendall & Hollon, 1979; Kanfer & Goldstein, 1986; Hoffmann, 1979; Dobson, 1988; Scott, Williams & Beck, 1989; Freeman, Simon, Beutler & Arkowitz, 1989; Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming & Simon, 1990; Hollon & Beck, 1994; . Kendall Advances in Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 1982) , .
2.4.1.
, . ; (Kanfer, 1970) : , .
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: , . , .
, , , , , , , (. Karoly, 1995).
:
) , .
) . , .
) . , .
. , , . :
- , , ;
- , , () ;
- , , , , , ;
- , , , .
2.4.2. . .
(Beck, 1976), . : , , ( , . Hollon & Beck, 1979). (1976; . Beck, 1979) (, , , . .). (Beck, 1976) , .
, , ; , . , (, , - , ).
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, (. Rush, Beck, Kovacs & Hollon, 1977; Niebel, 1984; Beck, Freeman & Associates, 1993; Beck, Rush, Shaw & Emery, 1993; Hautzinger, Stark & Treiber, 1992). (. Beck, Emery & Greenberg, 1985). , (. Beck, Freeman & Associates, 1993; Fiedler, 1995; Schmitz, Fydrich & Limbacher, 1996). , .
2.4.3. - .
, (Ellis, 1962) - - . , (= C, , ) (A = activating events); Belief (= B), . . , (. Ellis & Harper, 1976; Ellis & Grieger, 1979; Dryden & Hill, 1993; Dryden, 1995). (Ellis, 1984) ; , . . - (. Kessler & Hoellen, 1982; Kendall, 1984; Kendall, Haaga, Ellis, Bernard, DiGiuseppe & Kassinove, 1995). , ; , (. Haaga & Davison, 1986).
2.4.4.
' (D'Zurilla & Goldfried, 1971) ' (D'Zurilla & Nezu, 1982). , . , (, Newell & Simon, 1972), . (1) , (2) , (3) , (4) , (5) , , .
, (. Kanfer & Busemeyer, 1982; Schmelzer, 1983). , , , . : , (, , , . Shure & Spivack, 1978). (. D'Zurilla, 1988; Nezu & Nezu, 1989).
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2.4.5.
. 70- . (. Meichenbaum & Goodman, 1971; Meichenbaum, 1977). () . , . . , (: Stop-Think-Go- , . Camp & Bash, 1981).
, : ( ) (. , . Försterling, 1986).
(Meichenbaum, 1985) . (Schachter & Singer, 1962), , -, , -, . (. Reisenzein, 1983), .
(Meichenbaum, 1985) :
1) - .
2) ; .
3) , ().
(. Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) (. Miltner, Birbaumer & Gerber, 1986); , (, , ) . , (. Meichenbaum, 1991) , , .