. 80% : , , , . . (Wallbott & Scherer, 1986). , .
, , (Izard, 1977; Plutchik, 1980; Tomkins, 1982; Scherer, 1984). (Temoshok, van Dyke & Zegans, 1983). , , , , , , , , , . : , . - .
. , , -, . , , , , (Friedman, Hall & Harris, 1985; . . 15.1).
15.1. ( Friedman, Hall & Harris, 1985)
?
- : 60 . , , , , , , . ., .
- . Affective Communication Test (ACT; ) . (20 15 ) . , .
( ) . : () , , (kontrolliert und charismatisch ausdrucksstarke) (b) , . () , (d) , . (b) (d) , () () . , ( , , . .), - (, ), ( , ). . , .
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|
, | |||
() | (b) , , | A | |
(c) | (d) ; | B |
---
(Krause, 1981; Florin, Freudenberg & Hollaender, 1985; Pennebaker & Traue, 1993) , . . , - , , , , .
. , , , . : (double bind theory) (expressed emotion, ). , , , . (Bateson, Jackson, Haley & Weakland, 1956), , , , , : . , , , , . , (Fontana, 1966) , , , , . - , , , (Rausch, Greif & Nugent, 1979).
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, - .
() , . , .
, . Camberwell Family Interview ( ) , - , (emotional overinvolvement). . , , , . Ż Ż . 6 , Ż. . , . , , , , , (. Leff & Vaughan, 1985).
. , 518 , 75%, , 51% . , 28% , 18%. (8,5%) , (Bebbington & Kujpers, 1994).
, -, 9 , , . , , (Miklowitz, Goldstein, Falloon & Doane, 1984). , / () . , . , .
, , , . , ( ) . , , . , . , .
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. , , , (O'Leary, 1990). , , , , (social disruption) , (Kiecolt-Glaser, Kennedy, Malhoff, Fisher, Seicher & Glaser, 1988). (Pennebaker, Diecolt-Glaser & Glaser, 1988a). () , , (Uvnas-Moberg, 1996).
(Pennebaker, 1993). , , , . , , , , , . , , . - .