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:




:

































 

 

 

 


. (Jacob Burkhardt




(Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, New York: Mentor, 1862/1960); : . . (J. R. Hale, The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance, New York: Athaenium, 1994); (Denys Hay, The Italian Renaissance in its Historical Background, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1961); (Lacey Baldwin Smith, The Elizabethan World, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972). : (Ronald Bainton, The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century, Boston: Beacon Press, 1956). .: ( . . , . . . . ) (. Cassirer, . . Kristeller and J. H. Randall, eds., Renaissance Philosophy of Man, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948); , (Paul Kristeller, Renaissance Thought, New York: Harper & Row, 1961); . , : (L. Wilcox, In Search of God and Self: Renaissance and Reformation Thought, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1975); , , , (Walter Ullman, Medieval Foundations of Renaissance Humanism, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1977). .: . . - (. W. Tillyard, The Elizabethan World-Picture, New Your: Vintage Books).


84 I.

(Harold Bloom) : (Shakespear: The Invention of the Human, New York: Riverhead, 1998) , . . , , .

(1600-1900)

, . (David Lindberg) (The Beginnings of Western Science, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992) . , , , , , . , , (Thomas Goldstein) : (Dawn of Modern Science: From the Ancient Greeks to the Renaissance, New York: Da Capo Press, 1988).

: ( . ) (The Scientific Revolution, Vern Bullough, ed., New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970); (Herbert Butterfield) . 1300-1800 (The Origins of Modern Science: 1300-1800, New York: Free Press, 1965); , - (I. Bernard Cohen, The Newtonian Revolution, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1980); . , 1500 1800: , 2- . (A. Rupert Hall, The Scientific Revolution 1500-1800: The Formation of the Modern Scientific Attitude, 2nd ed., Boston: Beacon Press, 1962); , 1500-1700 . (Hugh Kearney, Science and Change: 1500-1700, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971); . , : (Richard S. Westfall, The Construction of Modem Science: Mechanisms and Mechanics, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1971). . (S. Shapin, The Scientific Revolution, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1996) , 1. (Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Harmondsworth, England: Penguin, 1971) , . , , : , , ? : , (Toby Huff, The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1993) : , .


2. 85

, . 1, . . . (. A. Burtt, The Metaphysical Foundations of Modem Science, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1954) , , , . . (Richard S. Westfall, Newton and the Fudge Factor, Science, 179 (1973) 751-58) , , ; . . (Richard S. Westfall, Never at Rest: Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1980).

, , . : (S. Gaukroger Descartes: An Intellectual Biography, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).





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