: ρ, ν, , .
- , 20 700 1040 /3. 900 /3 , - .
. . :
,
ρ ρ 293 T 293, β - , ;
/³;
. -:
,
u . ,
; 1/
2/.
, G, ; L , - /, , ∆z, , .
, , , , .
Q , Q . Q :
.
, ( , =350 ).
3/.
-, D L G: D = 630.
Q . ( H 0 b H 02 b 2 ), Q , :
0,8 Q ≤ Q . ≤1,5 Q .
, , . , :
=ρ g (3 h + H 2),
h H 2 () Q .. :
, .
, .
≤ ≈6,4 .
|
|
1250-260 1250-60 . :
o =289,8,
b =34,8∙10-6 ²/2 ()
02 =74,8,8,
b 2 =9,5∙10-6 ²/2 ().
, Q .:
= ;
=74,8-9,5 .
:
=ρ g (3 h + H 2)= .
. :
- | 0, | b, 10-6 2/5 | |
1250-260* | 318,8 | 38,7 | |
1250-60* | 77,1 | 11,48 |
, Q .:
= ;
=77,1-11,48 .
:
=ρ g (3 h + H 2)= .
, , , , :
,
- ( , =1,15, =1,1), R 1 ():
;
R 1=σ , k 1 - ( , k 1=1,34÷1,55), k - ( ). m - . , 5 : , I, II, III IV, m , m =0,9. II: m =0,75
:
. , D , | . , | δ, | σ, | σ, | k 1 | |
5,4-7,4 | 8; 9;10;11;12 | 12 2 | 1,4 |
.
:
D = D - 2δ =630 2∙8=614 .
Q . :
.
1,02 ( , , . .). , = L/( 400÷600 ), , , . : ,
=2.
:
- :
.
k =0,2 ,
.
- :
=0,3964 3/;
- :
/;
- :
8431.
- :
, Re ≤2320 ( ),
, 2320 <Re ≤ Re I ( ),
, Re I < Re < Re II ( ), , Re ≥ Re II ( ).
2320 < 8341 < 30700 :
≈0,03302.
- (g =9,8 /2):
= 4130,4 .
Q = Q . :
|
|
=4298,0 .
() :
=6,11≈7. n =7.
240,00 , =53,72 .
Q =Q n. ( Q ) :
H (3 , Q ) =H (Q ), (33)
H (m , Q ) = m h (Q ) + H 2(Q ) - , m =3 - , - ,
, .
.
, Q . .
Q 1=1400³/, Q 1= 0,3889³/
Q 2=1500 ³/, Q 2= 0,4167³/
Q 3=1600 ³/, Q 3= 0,4444³/.
1. Q 1=1400³/, Q 1= 0,3889³/.
/;
- :
8271,7.
- :
≈0,033177.
- (g =9,8 /2):
= 3994,8 .
Q = Q . :
=4189,7 .
2. Q 2=1500 ³/, Q 2= 0,4167³/.
/;
- :
8862,5.
- :
≈0,032610.
- (g =9,8 /2):
= 4507,4 .
Q = Q . :
=4712,5 .
3. Q 3=1600 ³/, Q 3= 0,4444³/.
/;
- :
9453,4.
- :
≈0,032088.
- (g =9,8 /2):
= 5046,3 .
Q = Q . :
=5262,3 .
, m =3 , 3 -1, 3 -2 (m =3∙7=21, 20, 19) :
H (m , Q ) = m h (Q ) + H 2(Q ), , .
0 =318,8, b =38,7∙10-6 ²/2 ()
02 =77,1, b 2 =11,48∙10-6 ²/2 ().
, .
1. Q 1=1400³/.
=242,95.
=54,60.
H (21,1400) = 21∙ h (1400) + 2∙ H 2(1400)= 21∙242,95 + 2∙54,60=5211,1
H (20,1400) = 20∙242,95 + 2∙54,60=4968,2
H (19,1400) = 19∙242,95 + 2∙54,60=4725,2
2. Q 2=1500³/.
=231,725.
=51,27.
H (21,1500) = 21∙ h (1500) + 2∙ H 2(1500)= 21∙231,725 + 2∙51,27=4968,8
H (20,1500) = 20∙231,725 + 2∙51,27=4737
H (19,1500) = 19∙231,725 + 2∙51,27=4505,3
3. Q 3=1600³/.
=219,728.
=47,711.
H (21,1600) = 21∙ h (1600) + 2∙ H 2(1600)= 21∙219,728 + 2∙47,711=4709,7
H (20,1600) = 20∙ h (1600) + 2∙ H 2(1600)= 20∙219,728 + 2∙47,711=4490
H (19,1600) = 19∙ h (1600) + 2∙ H 2(1600)= 19∙219,728 + 2∙47,711=4270,3
.
Q | (Q ) | H (19, Q ) | H (20, Q ) | H (21, Q ) |
4189,7 | 4725,2 | 4968,2 | 5211,1 | |
4712,5 | 4505,3 | 4968,8 | ||
5262,3 | 4270,3 | 4709,7 |
. (Q 1, Q 2, Q 3). 3 -2, 3 -1, 3 . Q Q . : Q i≥ Q . (i =1,2,3). , . () : .
|
|
, Q 1=1472,7; Q 2=1503,2; Q 3=1532,3; , , Q = Q 1=1472,7 3/ 19 (3-3-3-3-3-2-2).
3- ( 5 ):
H .1 = 3∙ =704,60 .
2- ( 2 ):
H .2 = 2∙ =469,73 .
.
Q 1=1472,7, Q = =0,4091³/. /;
8701,2.
≈0,032698.
i :
=0,00530014.
3- 2- :
=132,93 .
=88,63 .
, . .