.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


-




: ρ, ν, , .

- , 20 700 1040 /3. 900 /3 , - .

. . :

,

ρ ρ 293 T 293, β - , ;

/³;

. -:

,

u . ,

; 1/

 

2/.

 

, G, ; L , - /, , ∆z, , .

, , , , .

Q , Q . Q :

.

, ( , =350 ).

3/.

-, D L G: D = 630.

Q . ( H 0 b H 02 b 2 ), Q , :

0,8 Q Q . ≤1,5 Q .

, , . , :

g (3 h + H 2),

h H 2 () Q .. :

, .

, .

≈6,4 .

1250-260 1250-60 . :

o =289,8,

b =34,8∙10-6 ²/2 ()

02 =74,8,8,

b 2 =9,5∙10-6 ²/2 ().

, Q .:

= ;

=74,8-9,5 .

:

g (3 h + H 2)= .

. :

- 0, b, 10-6 2/5
1250-260*   318,8 38,7
1250-60*   77,1 11,48

, Q .:

= ;

=77,1-11,48 .

:

g (3 h + H 2)= .

, , , , :

,

- ( , =1,15, =1,1), R 1 ():

;

R 1 , k 1 - ( , k 1=1,34÷1,55), k - ( ). m - . , 5 : , I, II, III IV, m , m =0,9. II: m =0,75

:

. , D , . , δ, σ, σ, k 1
  5,4-7,4 8; 9;10;11;12 12 2     1,4

 

.

:

D = D - 2δ =630 2∙8=614 .

Q . :

.

1,02 ( , , . .). , = L/( 400÷600 ), , , . : ,

=2.

:

- :

.

k =0,2 ,

.

 

- :

=0,3964 3/;

- :

/;

- :

8431.

- :

, Re ≤2320 ( ),

, 2320 <ReRe I ( ),

, Re I < Re < Re II ( ), , ReRe II ( ).

2320 < 8341 < 30700 :

≈0,03302.

- (g =9,8 /2):

= 4130,4 .

Q = Q . :

=4298,0 .

() :

=6,11≈7. n =7.

240,00 , =53,72 .

Q =Q n. ( Q ) :

H (3 , Q ) =H (Q ), (33)

H (m , Q ) = m h (Q ) + H 2(Q ) - , m =3 - , - ,

, .

.

, Q . .

Q 1=1400³/, Q 1= 0,3889³/

Q 2=1500 ³/, Q 2= 0,4167³/

Q 3=1600 ³/, Q 3= 0,4444³/.

 

1. Q 1=1400³/, Q 1= 0,3889³/.

/;

- :

8271,7.

- :

≈0,033177.

- (g =9,8 /2):

= 3994,8 .

Q = Q . :

=4189,7 .

2. Q 2=1500 ³/, Q 2= 0,4167³/.

/;

- :

8862,5.

- :

≈0,032610.

- (g =9,8 /2):

= 4507,4 .

Q = Q . :

=4712,5 .

3. Q 3=1600 ³/, Q 3= 0,4444³/.

/;

- :

9453,4.

- :

≈0,032088.

- (g =9,8 /2):

= 5046,3 .

Q = Q . :

=5262,3 .

, m =3 , 3 -1, 3 -2 (m =3∙7=21, 20, 19) :

H (m , Q ) = m h (Q ) + H 2(Q ), , .

0 =318,8, b =38,7∙10-6 ²/2 ()

02 =77,1, b 2 =11,48∙10-6 ²/2 ().

, .

1. Q 1=1400³/.

=242,95.

=54,60.

H (21,1400) = 21∙ h (1400) + 2∙ H 2(1400)= 21∙242,95 + 2∙54,60=5211,1

H (20,1400) = 20∙242,95 + 2∙54,60=4968,2

H (19,1400) = 19∙242,95 + 2∙54,60=4725,2

2. Q 2=1500³/.

=231,725.

=51,27.

H (21,1500) = 21∙ h (1500) + 2∙ H 2(1500)= 21∙231,725 + 2∙51,27=4968,8

H (20,1500) = 20∙231,725 + 2∙51,27=4737

H (19,1500) = 19∙231,725 + 2∙51,27=4505,3

3. Q 3=1600³/.

=219,728.

=47,711.

H (21,1600) = 21∙ h (1600) + 2∙ H 2(1600)= 21∙219,728 + 2∙47,711=4709,7

H (20,1600) = 20∙ h (1600) + 2∙ H 2(1600)= 20∙219,728 + 2∙47,711=4490

H (19,1600) = 19∙ h (1600) + 2∙ H 2(1600)= 19∙219,728 + 2∙47,711=4270,3

.

Q (Q ) H (19, Q ) H (20, Q ) H (21, Q )
  4189,7 4725,2 4968,2 5211,1
  4712,5 4505,3   4968,8
  5262,3 4270,3   4709,7

 

. (Q 1, Q 2, Q 3). 3 -2, 3 -1, 3 . Q Q . : Q iQ . (i =1,2,3). , . () : .

, Q 1=1472,7; Q 2=1503,2; Q 3=1532,3; , , Q = Q 1=1472,7 3/ 19 (3-3-3-3-3-2-2).

3- ( 5 ):

H .1 = 3∙ =704,60 .

2- ( 2 ):

H .2 = 2∙ =469,73 .

.

Q 1=1472,7, Q = =0,4091³/. /;

8701,2.

≈0,032698.

 

 
 
 

 

i :

=0,00530014.

3- 2- :

=132,93 .

=88,63 .

, . .






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