2.3.1. , .
2.3.2. , , Q = {1,2}, , I = {1,2}, F = {1,2},
, Q' = {0,1,2,3,4,5}, I' = {0}, F' = {5},
. , . .
2.3.3. , .
. 2.3.1 , , , |I| = 1. , Q' = Q, I' = I,
2.3.4. , Q = {1,2,3}, , I = {1}, F = {3},
, . , F' = {2,3}
2.3.5. ,
2.3.6. ,
2.3.7. , , ?