1893 , . . , , , . . - - . . ( ), 1920 . , .
. . - {Institute for Brain Injured Soldiers) . , ( ), .
1933 , ( ), , , , . 1936 4 , . . . , , .
1946 . , Gestalt therapy (Perls, Hefferline & Goodman, 1951), . 1952 - - . 1960 (Esalen Institute) -, . . , - ( ) 1970 (Bankart, 1997). /n and out of the garbage pail (Perls, 1972).