. , , (Jones, 1953, 1955,1957) .
, , 1856 . (. 8.1). , , ( ). 1860 , .
. 8.1.
: Genograms in Family Assessment (p. 17), by Monica McGoldrick and Randy Gerson.
, , - - . 1873 , . 1881 , . 1886 , , , .
, , . ; . , , , , , . , (Freud, 1925/1959).
, . , . . . , . , , . . , , , . . , , - , (Monte, 1991).
, . , 1902 , . , 1908 (Clark University). , . , , , . 1939 , .