1870 . , . () () . - 1848 . , - , , .. . .
- . , . . , . . 1880- - 2% , , .
, . 1876 . .. " ", . , , . " " . , - .
"" , , ( ). . "" , . 1873 . . "" - 1876 . . - . "" - , , . "" . "" - 1882 . , ( ). "" - .
. . , , , , , " " - . " ".
. 1887 . . " , . - . - . , . 1891 . - . , . 1893 . , . , . . . - 1897-98 ., , . , , , . , . . . " " . 1900 . . . I, - III " ".