-
Sp3 4
. -
-, -,
t
Sp2 ,
-
-
- ,
, ,
,
,
==
-=-= -=-
Sp
1985
60 70 76
60 20-, 12-
1 ( )
-
F
+F2=CF4
t
2
t
C+O2-t-CO2
C H2 c S t
+S-t-CS2
C+H2-t,p-C2H2 ( + )
t
Al+C-t-Al4C3
- -
ZnO+C-t-Zn+CO
C H2O t
+2=2+
,
+H2SO4(k)=CO2+SO2+H2O
, -
Si
1
Sp3 , ,
1 ,
-
Si+F2=SiF4
t
2
Si+O2-600-SiO2
Si+C-1200-SiC
2 t
Si+H2- -SiH2n+2
( )
2
- Si , -
Si+HF=SiF4+H2/
SiF4+HF=H2[SiF6]
Si
Si+HF+HNO3=H2[SiF6]+NO+H2O
Si - -
Si+KOH(k)=K4SiO4+H2/
-
SiO2+Mg-t-Si+MgO
-
SiO2+C-1900-Si+CO
1 Si
( Si)
2
3
Ge
Si
,
-
Ge+O2-700-GeO2
C
2 - -
Ge
Ge+HNO3(K)-H2GeO3+NO2+H2O
|
|
|
- ( )
Ge+H2SO4(k)-Ge(SO4)2+SO2+H2O
t
Ge+HF=H2[GeF6]+H2/
- -
Ge+NaOH+H2O2=Na2[Ge(OH)6]
Ge =GeCL4 GeCL4 - 2-tGe+HCL
Sn
-
-
13,6
13,6 161
-
-
CL =
Sn+O2-t-SnO2
C N H2 Si
2
- - 2
Sn+H2SO4(k)=SnSO4+SO2+H2O
Sn+HNO3(k)=Sn(NO3)2+NO+H2O
Sn+HNO3-t-H2SnO3+NO2+H2O -
-
Sn+KOH+H2O-t-K2[Sn(OH)4]+H2/
SnO2+C-t-Sn+CO
( )=
: (Sn c Cu)
