.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


2 1-

()

, .

, (17)

p (x) q (x) .

q (x) = 0, (17) . , . 1.1.

q (x) ≠ 0, (17) . ( ) ( ).

,

, (18)

(17). , ,

,

.

, (18):

 

, (19)

.

(17) (19), , , ..

. (20)

() (20) (17):

,

.

, :

,

1 .

() (19), :

.

1.

.

. , () = 2 , q (x) = . .

1)

y ' + 2 xy = 0.

,

, .

2) .

,

y ', :

,

:

, (17)

y = u (xv (x), (21)

u (x) v (x) x, . .

(21):

.

(17) , :

;

.

, u (x), , u (x) . , ,

u (x) = .

. ,

.

, (17):

y = u (xv (x) = . (22)

2. .

. . ,

() = - 2/ , q (x) = .

.

y = u × v. : . :

.

, u , . , . , ( , - ).

v . . : . , .

,

y = uv = .

3. .

, . , v .

 

. , , .

R L

.

.

 

.

4. .

. L R . U t: U = f (t). . i t. , ,

. i , L

. ,

,

- .

,

,

, t = 0, ,

.

:

 

,

.

t , .

:

, :

, i ,

, , .

. , t .

.

 

y ' = p (x) ∙ y + q (x) ∙ ym, (24)

m ¹ 0, m ¹ 1, p (x) q (x) , .

, m = 0 (24) , . 1.4. m = 1 (24) ,
. 1.1.

(24) z = y 1- m ( ) y = u × v (.. ).

. .

. , () = 1/( - 1) = q (x),
m = 2. .

1- . . y = u × v.

:

.

':

.

, u ,

.

, .

, , ( , - ).

v , . ,

,

2- . . m = 2, , , , dy, :

.

:

, ,

, ,

.

, , ,

 

(x, y) + N(x, y) = 0

, (x, y) N (x, y)

. (25)

, F (x, y),

dF (x, y) = 0.

, , F (x, y) = .

, F (x, y),

dF (x, y) = (x, y) + N (x, y) . (26)

F (x, y). (7) (25), , (26).

, . (27)

(27), ( ):

, F (x, y) = .

(27):

= N (x, y).

.

, (), :

F (x, y) = ,

() .

(7) (27) . . : .

, ,

,

.

, , ,

,

.

 

1.

(y + ex sin y) dx + (x + ex cos y) dy = 0.

 

. , ..

(x, y) = y + ex sin y, N (x, y) = x + ex cos y,

= 1 + ex cos y.

= y + ex sin y.

:

F (x, y) = .

N (x, y):

= N (x, y);

= x + ex cos y.

' () = 0, () = 1. :

F (x, y) = ,

= 2 1.

 

 



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