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2011


512 (078)

22.14 73

69

 

 

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..

69 . / .., .. − : . ., 2011. − 34.

 

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.. , .. 2011

, 2011


 

充...... 4
1 . 腅.....................   5
2 .................... 7
3 . . ..   8
4 . . ...................     13
5 . , . ...................   14
6 ................ 16
7 腅..................... 17
8 . ................ 18
9 .................................. 19
10 . .   20
11 . - ....................   21
12 ... 23
13 .................. 24
14 .............................................................   26
15 ............... 30
... 33


, , . .

. : , , , , , , . , . , , .

 


.

. , . , , , , . , , .. , .

1.1. (), , .

, . , x A, : x A (x A). x A (x A) , x A, .. A.

. , A , , : A = { a, b, c }.

( , ), ( ), ( ).

1.2. , , , Ø.

1.3. A - B, A B. A B (A B).

. A B, A B.

1.4. A B , . A = B. , x A, x B , .. , .

1.5. A B M, A B. M = A B. .. x A B, x A x B.

A B = { x | x A x B }. ( , &).

1.6. A B = Ø, , A B .

3-, 4- .

1.7. A B M, . M = A B. .. A B = { x | x A x B }. ( ).

A 1 A 2 An. , A 1, A 2,, An ( , ).

1.8. 1) A = {1;2;3;4;5} B = {1;3;5;7;9}, A B = {1;3;5} A B = {1;2;3;4;5;7;9}.

2) A = {2;4} B = {3;7}, A B = Ø A B = {2;3;4;7}.

3) A = { } B = {, 30 }, A B = {} A B = {; ; ; ; ; }.

1.9. 1,2,3,4,, .

N, N={1;2;3;4;;n;}. , 1 .

1.10. A 40. . , 5 A, 10 A, -8 A, 4 A, 0 A, 0 A.

A = {1,2,4,5,8,10,20,40}. (,,,,,)

1.11. , :

) ={ x | (x -1)(2 x -1)(3+ x)=0}, A = {1; ;-3}

) B ={ x | -1,1< x < 5 x N}, B = {1;2;3;4}.

1.12. K = {21;54;153;171;234}. K, ) 7; ) 9; ) 5; ) 4.

) A = {21}, ) B = {54;153;171;234}, ) C = K, ) D = Ø

1.13. C 11 , D 8. C D, C D 15 ?

A + B A B = A B, 11+815=4

 

1.14. A B M, A B.

M = A \ B.

, A \ B = { x | x A x B }.

1.15. A = {1;2;3;4;5} B = {1;5}, A \ B = {2;3;4}.

 

 



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