.. , ..
,
2011
512 (078)
22.14 73
69
:
-
..
69 . / .., .. − : . ., 2011. − 34.
:
.. , .. 2011
, 2011
充...... | 4 |
1 . 腅..................... | 5 |
2 .................... | 7 |
3 . . .. | 8 |
4 . . ................... | 13 |
5 . , . ................... | 14 |
6 ................ | 16 |
7 腅..................... | 17 |
8 . ................ | 18 |
9 .................................. | 19 |
10 . . | 20 |
11 . - .................... | 21 |
12 ... | 23 |
13 .................. | 24 |
14 ............................................................. | 26 |
15 ............... | 30 |
... | 33 |
, , . .
. : , , , , , , . , . , , .
|
|
.
. , . , , , , . , , .. , .
1.1. (), , .
, . , x A, : x A (x A). x A (x A) , x A, .. A.
. , A , , : A = { a, b, c }.
( , ), ( ), ( ).
1.2. , , , Ø.
1.3. A - B, A B. A B (A B).
. A B, A B.
1.4. A B , . A = B. , x A, x B , .. , .
1.5. A B M, A B. M = A B. .. x A B, x A x B.
A B = { x | x A x B }. ( , &).
1.6. A B = Ø, , A B .
3-, 4- .
1.7. A B M, . M = A B. .. A B = { x | x A x B }. ( ).
A 1 A 2 An. , A 1, A 2,, An ( , ).
1.8. 1) A = {1;2;3;4;5} B = {1;3;5;7;9}, A B = {1;3;5} A B = {1;2;3;4;5;7;9}.
|
|
2) A = {2;4} B = {3;7}, A B = Ø A B = {2;3;4;7}.
3) A = { } B = {, 30 }, A B = {} A B = {; ; ; ; ; }.
1.9. 1,2,3,4,, .
N, N={1;2;3;4;;n;}. , 1 .
1.10. A 40. . , 5 A, 10 A, -8 A, 4 A, 0 A, 0 A.
A = {1,2,4,5,8,10,20,40}. (,,,,,)
1.11. , :
) ={ x | (x -1)(2 x -1)(3+ x)=0}, A = {1; ;-3}
) B ={ x | -1,1< x < 5 x N}, B = {1;2;3;4}.
1.12. K = {21;54;153;171;234}. K, ) 7; ) 9; ) 5; ) 4.
) A = {21}, ) B = {54;153;171;234}, ) C = K, ) D = Ø
1.13. C 11 , D 8. C D, C D 15 ?
A + B A B = A B, 11+815=4
1.14. A B M, A B.
M = A \ B.
, A \ B = { x | x A x B }.
1.15. A = {1;2;3;4;5} B = {1;5}, A \ B = {2;3;4}.