2. H 2
(. HNO 3 )
+ = + H 2 ↑ (. )
Zn + 2 HCl = ZnCl2 + H2
3. ()
+ = + 2 (. )
CuO + H2SO4 = CuSO4 + H2O
4.
+ = + H 2 O (. )
H3PO4 + 3NaOH = Na3PO4 + 3H2O
5. , - , :
2 NaCl (.) + H2SO4(.) = Na2SO4 + 2HCl↑ (. )
: HI > HClO4>HBr>HCl> H2SO4> HNO3> HMnO4> H2SO3> H3PO4> HF > HNO2>H2CO3> H2S >H2SiO3. |
6. (. H 2 SO 4; H 3 PO 4)
= + (. )
! ( ) :
H2CO3 ↔ H2O + CO2↑
H2SO3 ↔ H2O + SO2↑
:
S + 2 HCl = H 2 S ↑ + CaCl 2
, .
NaCl ,
Na2SO4 ,
SO4 ,
Cl2 ,
(NH4)2SO4 .
. , , :
Na+Cl
Ca2+SO42 ..
. .
HNO3 | NO3- | I | Ca(NO3)2 | |
H2SiO3 | SiO32- | II | Na2SiO3 | |
H2SO4 | SO42- | II | PbSO4 | |
H2CO3 | CO32- | II | Na2CO3 | |
H3PO4 | PO43- | III | AlPO4 |
HBr | Br- | I | NaBr | |
HI | I- | I | KI | |
H2S | S2- | II | FeS (II) | |
HCl | Cl- | I | NH4Cl | |
HF | F- | I | CaF2 |
, " ", " ".
|
|
" ". , Na2SO3 . , (H2SO4) (H2SO3) .
** , . . , .
. , ( ). 1 2 :
H2SO3 | + | 2 NaOH | = | Na2SO3 | + | 2 H2O |
( ) |
1 , , :
H2SO3 | + | NaOH | = | NaHSO3 | + | H2O |
( ) |
. .
, , .
"" ( hydrogenium ). :
NaHCO3 ,
K2HPO4 ,
KH2PO4 .
. "". , ():
Mg(OH)2 | + | 2 HCl | = | MgCl2 | + | 2 H2O |
( ) |
Mg(OH)2 | + | HCl | = | Mg(OH)Cl | + | H2O |
( ) |
, , .
. .
, .
Na2CO3 | ||||
NaHCO3 | : | |||
K2CO3 | ||||
Na2SO4 | ||||
MgSO4 | ||||
KClO3 | - |
, Na2CO3 NaHCO3. , .
. , , NaOH. , !
|
|
.
.
1. . \
NaOH + H2SO4 =
KOH + H2SO4 =
Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4 =
Ca(OH)2 + HBr =
Ca + HCl=
Na + H2SO4=
Al + H2S =
Ca + H3PO4 =
Na2O + H2CO3 =
ZnO + HCl =
CaO + HNO3 =
Fe2O3 + H2SO4=
KOH + HNO3 =
NaOH + H2SO3 =
Ca(OH)2 + H2S =
Al(OH)3 + HF =
HCl + Na2SiO3 =
H2SO4 + K2CO3 =
HNO3 + CaCO3 =
2. . :
LiOH, Mn2O7, CaO, Na3PO4, H2S, MnO, Fe(OH)3, Cr2O3,HI, HClO4,HBr,CaCl2, Na2O, HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HMnO4,Ca(OH)2, SiO2, H2SO3, Zn(OH)2, H3PO4, HF, HNO2,H2CO3, N2O, NaNO3 ,H2S, H2SiO3
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