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2. 1




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1. ................................................................ C.6
1. . C.6
1. ................................................ C.6
2. C.9
3. , .. C.11
4. . C.13
5. . C.15
6. .. C.16
7. ... C.19
8. . C.21
9. .. C.25
2. . C.28
1. .. C.28
2. . C.34
3. . C.37
4. . C.40
5. . C.41
3. C.48
1. ... C.48
2. ... C.50
3. ... C.53
4. C.56
2. C.58
1. . C.58
1. .. C.63
1. . C.63
2. C.66
3. . C.69
4. . C.72
2. .. C.74
1. . C.74
1. ... C.75
2. () C.78
3. .. C.80
4. . C.82
5. .. C.84
6. . C.85
2. .. C.89
1. .. C.89
2. ... C.91
3. ... C.93
4. ... C.97
5. C.102
3. - -   C.106
1. - .. C.106
2. - ... C.108
4. C.109
1. ... C.109
2. ... C.113
3. .. C.116
5. .   C.118
1. C.118
2. .. C.120
6. . C.121
1. - C.121
2. - C.129
3. ... C.130
4. ... C.132
3. - ..     C.137
1. C.137
1. . C.137
2. .. C.139
3. .. C.140
4. . C.142
2. . C.144
1. C.144
2. C.144
3. .. C.146
4. .. C.150
5. .. C.155
6. .. C.156
3.   C.159
1. .. C.159
2. . C.161
3. . C.162
4. ... .164
3. C.167
1. ... C.167
2. () C.169
3. . C.173
4. . C.174
4. C.175
1. . C.175
1. .. C.176
2. .. C.178
2. .. C.181
1. .. C.181
2. . C.184
3. . C.189
3. .. C.192
1. . C.192
2. .. C.199
3. ... C.204
4. ... C.206
5. C.209
6. . C.214
5. .. C.217
1. . C.217
2. ... C.221
3. ... C.224
4. C.228
C.234
1. C.234
2. .. C.237

 

1.

 

1.

 

1.

 

, , 6-7 . , 20- . , .. , , . , 17- . . , . , , , . : , , , 20- , , . 20- , . , 17- , , . , , , , , , , . 17 , . .

, . , , -, . . . .

, . . . . , -, - . - . , , , , , , , , , . , .

, , . , - . . : . : .

, , . : ? , , ?

. , , ? , . , - , . , , , , , . , , , .

, . : 1) , , , 2) , . , 1) , 2) , . , , , . , , , . , , , . , .

, . , , , , . , - . , .

, . , , . , , , . . , . . , , . , - , . , : (), (). , . , . , : , .

. , , , . , . , . , , , , , , , ,

. . , , , , . , , , , , ..

 

2.

 

. , , . , XYZ, , . (x,y,z) x, y z m. , , F. (x,y,z) . , , , , , . , . , , .

20 , , . . . , . , ?

, , . :

1. .

2. (), .

3. (), .

1 ( ), 2 3 ( ).

.

. N, , , 1, 2, 3, 4, , .. , . , , + × . , , ( . even, ); = <.

, , , + , +(m,n), m+n, . : +(m,n) = m+n, , +(3,4) = 3+4 = 7.

, , (), (). , , , , 2, : (2) = 2. (3) = - 3.

, , n , n . , 2 3 : <(2,3) = , 2 3, .. 2 3. , .

. , , , .. . , : , , . . , , ӻ, <. , .., <Y Y<Z X<Z, < , ( ). , : , , , , , . . , .

. , , , .

 

3. ,

 

- . , , , . , - . , , , , , . , , . , , .

, , -, : 1) , 2) 3) . , < , 1, 2, 3 , , , + - .

, , . , . , N . , . , : m+n = n+m, m×(n+p) = m×n + m×p, .. , , : x<y y<z, x<z. .

, , , . (, ) , . , , , . , , . , , , , . - , : 1) , , , 2) . , , ( ), . 3) , , . , . 4) , , , .

, . , , .

 

4.

 

, . . . , , , . , . . 5 , . , . , . .





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