1961 .
1976 . ()
1978 .
1982 .
1986 .
1989 .
1991 .
1991 .
1997 . ,
1999 . .
[1], (Francis Hutchinson, 16941746) . , . . .
[2] , (Hugo de Groot, 15831645) , , . . .
[3], (Francis Bacon, 15611626) , (John Locke, 16321704) , ‑. . .
[4]‑ (‑, Balliol College) , 1263 . , I. . .
[5]An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). . . .
[6] (David Hume, 17111776) . , , . . .
[7] . . . .
[8]The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759). . . .
[9] . 100 (2008). . .
[10] 1836 . (John Stuart Mill, 18061873) . . .
[11]Duke of Buccleuch. . .
[12] . , . . .
[13] . . .
[14] , . , . . .
[15], (Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, 17271781) , . . .
|
|
[16], (Mark Blaug, 19272011) , . . .
[17] , . . .
[18] , . . .
[19], (Joseph Black, 17281799) () . , . , . . .
[20], (James Hutton, 17261797) , , . . . . .
[21], (William Pitt the Younger, 17591806) ‑ 17831801 18041806 ., ‑ . . .
[22]Essays on Philosophical Subjects (1795). . . .
[23] (. Prévô) , , ‑ . . .
[24]De bonis quae Religionis Christianae specie humana attulit (1750). . . .
[25]De historia progressus in spiritu humano (1750). . . .
[26] Lettre á M. lbbê de Cicé, depuis évêque dAuxerre, sur le papier supplée á la monnaie (1749). . . .
[27], (Jean Terrasson, 16701750) , , . . .
[28] , (John Law de Lauriston, 16711729) , , Banque générale. . .
[29]Tableau philosophique des progrés successifs de lésprit humain (1750). . . .
[30] . . .
[31], (François Quesnay, 16941774) , . . .
[32], , (Jacques Claude Marie Vincent, marquis de Gournay, 17121759) , . (laissez faire). . .
[33] (Voltaire, 16941778), . ‑ (François Marie Arouet) ‑ XVIII , , , , . . .
[34]Réflexions sur la formation et la distribution des richesses (1766). . . .
|
|
[35] , . . . .
[36], , , Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers. . . .
[37], (Denis Diderot, 17131784) , ‑ , . . .
[38] XVI (Louis XVI, 17541793) . 1789 . . . . .
[39]‑ (Marie‑Antoinette, 17551793) , I ‑. XVI. . . .
[40]Académie des Inscriptions et Belles‑Lettres. . . .
[41], (Benjamin Franklin, 17061790) , , , . . . .
[42] , . . , ‑ Rot Schild. . .
[43] I (Wilhelm I von Hessen‑Kassel, 17431821) . . .
[44] , (Carl Friedrich Buderus von Carlshausen, 17591819) , . . .
[45], , . . .
[46] (.). . . .
[47] , , . XV . , , . . .
[48], ‑ (Jean‑Baptiste Say, 17671832) , . . .
[49], (Hutches Trower, 17771833) , . . . .
[50], (James Parry, 17561821) . 17891817 . Morning Chronicle. . .
[51]The High Price of Bullion, a Proof of the Depreciation of Bank Notes (1810). . . .
[52]Essay on the Principle of Population (1798). . . .
[53], (Thomas Robert Malthus, 17661834) ‑, . , . . .
[54]Essay on the Influence of a Low Price of Corn on the Profits of Stock (1815). . . .
[55] , I ‑ 18011814 . . . .
[56], (Robert Owen, 17711858) , . . .
[57], (Jeremy Bentham, 17481832) , , . . . .
|
|
[58], (John Stuart Mill, 18061873) , , . . . .
[59]Proposals for an Economical and Secure Currency (1816). . . .
[60]On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817). . . .
[61] , (Thomas de Quincey, 17851859) , . . .
[62], (Arnold Joseph Toynbee, 18891975) , , . . .
[63] ( 1815‑ 1846 .) , . ‑, , . . . .
[64]The Poverty of Philosophy / (.) Das Elend der Philosophie, 1847. . . .
[65]4 . . .
[66], (Junius Spencer Morgan, 18131890) , . . .
[67]The Peabody Institute. . .
[68] . . .
[69] , 1816 . . 1824 ., 1825 . . .
[70] (.). . . .
[71], (Arnold Ruge, 18021880) . . .
[72], ‑ (Pierre‑Joseph Proudhon, 18091865) , , , . . . .
[73], (18421921) , , . . .
[74], (18121869) , , . . .
[75]‑ (.). . . .
[76]Zur Judenfrage, 1843. . . .
[77]Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie (1843). . . .
[78]Enthüllungen zur Geschichte der Diplomatie im 18 Jahrhundert. . . .
[79]! . . .
[80]Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England (1845). . . .
[81]Die deutsche Ideologie (1844). . . .
[82]Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei. Veröffentlicht im Februar (1848). London. . . .
[83]Neue Rheinische Zeitung. . . .
[84], (Franz Mehring, 18461919) , , . . . . .
[85]Zur Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (1859). . . .
[86]Das Kapital. . . .
[87]Die Theorien über den Mehrwert. . . .
|
|
[88], (18141876) , . . .
[89]Die Kritik des Gothaer Programms. . . .
[90], (Henry Ford, 18631947) , , . . .
[91], (Samuel Andrews, 18361904) . . .
[92]‑, (John Davison Rockefeller, Jr., 18741960) . ‑ , . . .
[93]Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. . . .
[94], (William Lyon Mackenzie King, 18741950) ‑ . 19211930‑ 19351948 . . .
[95]Fortune Magazine (http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0702/gallery.richestamericans.fortune/index.html). . .
[96]The Wealthiest Americans Ever // The New York Times. 15 July 2007 (http://www.nytimes.com/ref/business/20070715_GILDED_GRAPHIC.html). . .
[97], (Ubaldino Peruzzi, 18221891) . . . .
[98] ( XVIII . 1861 .) ‑ , , . . .
[99], (Sidney Costantino Sonnino, 18471922) , . . .
[100], (Pasquale Villari, 18271917) . , . . .
[101], (Maffeo Pantaleoni, 18571924) , . . .
[102], (Marie‑Ésprit‑Léon Walras, 18341910) , . . .
[103], (Antoine Augustin Cournot, 18011877) , . . .
[104], (Francis Ysidor Edgeworth, 18451926) , . . .
[105], (Henry Thomas Buckle, 18211862) , . . .
[106], (Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte, 17981857) , . . . .
[107], (Herbert Spencer, 18201903) , , . . .
[108] XIX . . .
[109]Cours DEconomique Politique (18961897). . . .
[110]Compendio di sociologia generale (1916). . . .
[111]Les Systémes socialistes (19021903). . . .
[112]Manuale di economia politica con una introduzione alla scienza sociale (1906). . . .
[113], (Joseph Moses Juran, 19042008) . . .
[114]Manuel deconomie politique (1909). . . .
[115]Trasformazione della democrazia (1921). . . .
[116] . . .
[117], (18191899) , , . 18741888 . . . .
[118], (Daniel Friedrich List, 17891846) , , . . .
[119] , 19041905 . 23 (5 ) 1905 . (). , , , , . . .
|
|
[120], (18531919) ‑, , ‑ ‑ . 19021904 . . .
[121], (Karl (Carl) Pearson, 18571936) , , . . . .
[122], (William Petty, 16231687) , . . .
[123], (18491919) , , . . .
[124]Opus magnum (. ) , . . . .
[125], (John Richard Hicks, 19041989) , , 1972 . . . .
[126], (18461900) . . .
[127]‑, (Eugen Böhm Ritter von Bawerk, 18511914) . . .
[128], (Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch, 18951973) , 1969 . . . .
[129] () , 1920‑ ., . , , . . . .
[130], (David William Donald Cameron, . 1966) , , ‑ . . .
[131], (Arthur Cecil Pigou, 18771959) , . . . .
[132], (Alfred Marshall, 18421924) , . . . .
[133], (Giles Lytton Strachey, 18801932) . . .
[134]Indian Currency and Finance. London: Macmillan & Co, 1913. . . .
[135]Treatise on Probability, London: Macmillan & Co, 1921. . . .
[136], (18921981) , . . .
[137]The Economic Consequences of the Peace. New York: Harcourt Brace (1920). . . .
[138]A revision of the Treaty, London, Macmillan (1922). . . .
[139], (Joseph Alois Schumpeter, 18831950) , . , , . . , (Über das Wesen der Wirtschaftskrisen, 1910); (The Crisis of the Tax State, 1918); ‑: , (Business Cycles: a Theoretical, Historical, and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process, 1939) . . .
[140]A Tract on Monetary Reform (1923). . . .
[141]A treatise on money, New York, Harcourt, Brace and company (1930). . . .
[142]The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, Macmillan Cambridge University Press, for Royal Economic Society (1936). . . .
[143], (Harry Dexter White, 18921948) , ‑ . . . . .
[144], (John Cassidy, . 1963) ‑ , . The New Yorker . . .
[145], (William Trufant Foster, 18791950) , (Waddill Catchings, 18791967) . . .
[146], (Lauchlin Currie, 19021993) . 1940‑ . . . .
[147] , . . .
[148] (. New Deal) , 1933 . . . .
[149], (Stuart Chase, 18881985) . . .
[150], (Bernard Baruch, 18701965) , , . . . . .
[151], (Myron Charles Taylor, 18741959) . . .
[152]The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936). . . .
[153]Emergency Banking Relief Act. . . .
[154]Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, FDIC. . . .
[155], (Henry Morgenthau, 18911967) . 19341945 . . . .
[156], (Eugene Robert Black, 18731934) , . 19331934 . (). . .
[157], (George Henry Dern, 18721936) . . .
[158]Federal Open Market Committee, FOMC. . . .
[159], (Willis Henry Parker, 18741937) , . . .
[160], (Carter Glass, 18581946) , . 19181920 . . . .
[161], (Irving Fisher, 18671947) , . . .
[162], (Thomas Bayard McCabe, 18931982) . 19481951 . . . .
[163]Beckoning frontiers: Public and personal recollections. . . .
[164], (18891968) ‑ . . . .
[165] , ‑ , 1901‑ 1917 . . . , . . . .
[166], (18751937) , , . . .
[167], (18881937) , , ‑. . . .
[168], (18741948) . . .
[169], ( ) (18711944) , , . . .
[170] 19221923 . . . . .
[171], (. , 18881939) . 19221926 . /. . .
[172], (. , 18901986) . . . . .
[173], (18741940) , . , ‑ . . .
[174], (18771938) I . , . . . .
[175] . . . .
[176]Security Analysis (1934). . .
[177], (David LeFevre Dodd, 18951988) , , . . .
[178]The Interpretation of Financial Statements (1937). . .
[179]World Commodities and World Currency (1944). . .
[180]The Intelligent Investor (1949). . .
[181], (Mario Joseph Gabelli, . 1942), , (John Neff, . 1931), , (Michael F. Price, . 1951), , (John Clifton Bogle, . 1929) , , . . .
[182], (Alfred Tennyson, 18091892) . . .
[183], (Irving Kahn, . 1905) . . .
[184] (The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 1934 . . . . .
[185], (Howard Homan Buffett, 19031964) , , . . . .
[186]Buying a Bond (1924). . .
[187]The Art of Speculation (1930). . .
[188]A Money Mind at Ninety (1991). . .
[189] . . .
[190], (Franz Oppenheimer, 18641943) . . .
[191], (Wilhelm Vershofen, 18781960) , , . . .
[192]Reichsgruppe Industrie . . .
[193]Sonderstelle Geld und Kredit. . .
[194], (Lucius Dibignon Clay, 18971978) , . . .
[195], (Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer, 18761967) (19491963). . .
[196] , 25 1950 27 1953 . c . . . .
[197]Deutschlands Rückkehr zum Weltmarkt (1953). . . .
[198]Wohlstand fur Alle (1957). . . .
[199] , , . . . .
[200], (Franz Josef Strauß, 19151988) , ‑ . , , . . .
[201], (Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein, 18891951) , , . . .
[202], (Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach, 18041872) ‑, . . .
[203] , (Hugo de Vries, 18481935) , . . .
[204], (Friedrich von Wieser, 18511926) . . .
[205]Logisch‑Philosophische Abhandlung / (.) Tractatus Logico‑Philosophicus (1921). . .
[206], (Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises, 18811973) , , , , . . .
[207]Untersuchungen über den Sozialismus (1922) / (.) Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis. . . .
[208], (Fritz Machlup, 19021983) . . .
[209], (Alfred Schütz, 18991959) , . . .
[210], (Gottfried Haberler, 19001995) . . .
[211]‑ , . . , . . .
[212], (Wesley Clair Mitchell, 18741948) ‑. . . .
[213], (John Bates Clark, 18471938) , . . .
[214]Geldtheorie und Konjunkturtheorie (1929) / (.) Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle. . . .
[215]A treatise on money, 2 vol., New York, Harcourt, Brace and company (1930). . . .
[216]Preise und Produktion (1931) / () Prices and Production. . . .
[217], (Lionel Charles Robbins, 18981984) . . .
[218]The Pure Theory of Capital (1941). . . .
[219] , ( ) . . .
[220], (Oskar Ryszard Lange, 19041965) , , . . .
[221]Wahrer und falscher Individualismus (1948). . .
[222]The Road to Serfdom / Der Weg zur Knechtschaft (1943). . . .
[223] , ‑‑ (Alexis‑Charles‑Henri Clérel de Tocqueville, 18051859) , , . 1849 . . . .
[224], (Michael Ellman, . 1942) ‑. . . .
[225]The Use of Knowledge in Society (1945). . . .
[226]The Sensory Order: An Inquiry Into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology (1952). . . .
[227], (Ernst Mach, 18381916) , ‑. . .
[228], (Maurice Félix Charles Allais, 19112010) . 1988 . . .
[229], (Aaron Director, 19012004) , . . .
[230], (Walter Eucken, 18911950) , . . .
[231], (Henry Stuart Hazlitt, 18941993) . . .
[232] , (Bertrand de Jouvenel des Ursins, 19031987) , , , . . .
[233], (Michael Polanyi, 18911976) , . . .
[234], (Karl Raimund Popper, 19021994) , . . .
[235], (Leonard Edward Read, 18981983) . . .
[236], (George Joseph Stigler, 19111991) . (1982). : (The Theory of Price, 1946); (A Theory of Oligopoly, 1964); (Essays in the History of Economics, 1965). . .
[237]‑, (James McGill Buchanan Jr., 19192013) , . 1986 . . .
[238], (Ronald Harry Coase, 19102013) . 1991 . . .
[239], (Vernon Lomax Smith, . 1927) . 2002 . . .
[240], (Gunnar Myrdal; 18981987) , (1974). : (Monetary Equilibrium, 1939); (The Political Element in the Development of Economic Theory, 1956). . .
[241], . . . . .
[242]Die verhängnisvolle Anmaβung. Die Irrtümer des Sozialismus (1988). . . .
[243], (Carl‑Anton Schäfer, 18901974) . . .
[244]Schäfer C. A. Klassische Valuta‑Stabilisierung und ihre Lehren für die Markstabilisierung. . . .
[245], (18741955) , (1927). . .
[246], (Werner Sombart, 18631941) , , . . .
[247], (18681931) . . .
[248]Die Wirtschaft als Kreislauf (1928). . . .
[249], (Simon S. Kuznets; 19011985) . (1971). : : (Economic Growth of Nations: Total Output and Production Structure, 1971); , (Population, Capital and Growth, 1973). . .
[250]Wassily W. Leontief. The Structure of American Economy, 19191929: An Empirical Application of Equilibrium Analysis. . . .
[251]‑ , , , , . . .
[252] , , , . . .
[253], (Faye Duchin, . 1944) , , . . .
[254]Military Spending: Facts and Figures, Worldwide Implications and Future Outlook co‑authed with Faye Duchin. 1983. . . .
[255]The Future Impact of Automation on Workers co‑authored with Faye Duchin. 1986. . . .
[256] , 1930 . . . .
[257], (18941964) , , ‑ . . .
[258]The Decline and Rise of Soviet Economic Science. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 38, No. 2, January 1960, 261272. . . .
[259]Essays in Economics: Theories and Theorizing (1966). . . .
[260], (Robert Merton Solow; . 1924) . , ( ). : (Policy of Full Employment, 1962); (The Economic of Resources and the Resources of Economics, 1974). . .
[261], (Walter Isard, 19192010) , . . .
[262], (Hollis Chenery, 19181994) , . . .
[263], (James Stemble Duesenberry, 19182009) ‑. . .
[264], (Anne P. Carter) , . . .
[265], (Karen Rosel Polenske, . 1937) , . . .
[266], (Peter A. Petri) , . . .
[267]The Future of the World Economy (1977). . . .
[268] (19811989). , , . . .
[269] : , , , (1990). . . .
[270] (1994). . . .
[271] (1997). . . .
[272], (Kenneth Joseph Arrow, . 1921) , 1972 . . .
[273], (James Tobin, 19182002) , 1981 . . .
[274], (19302011), , (. 1927), , (. 1937), , (19341997), , (19351996) , . . .
[275], (Arthur Frank Burns, 19041987) . . . .
[276], (Homer Jones, 19061986) . . .
[277], (Frank Knight, 18851972) , , . , (Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, 1921). . .
[278], (Theodore William Schultz, 19021998) . 1979 . . .
[279], (Jacob Viner, 18921970) . . .
[280], (Harold Hotelling, 18951973) , . . .
[281], (Barry Morris Goldwater, 19091998) , 1964 . 19531965‑ 19691987 . . . .
[282]The Role of Monetary Policy (1968). . .
[283]Capitalism and Freedom, University of Chicago Press (1962). . . .
[284], (Karl Brunner, 19161989) . . .
[285]The Optimum quantity of money and other essays. Chicago: Aldine, 1969. . . .
[286]Free to Choose: A Personal Statement. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers (1980). : ., . : / . . .: , 2007. . . .
[287] . . . .
[288], (Michelangelo Antonioni, 19122007) , XX . (1957), (1960), (1961), (1962), (1964), (1966), ‑ (1970), : (1975), (1981), (1982), (1995). . .
[289] ‑, , Chrysler Corporation (1930). . .
[290]‑ (Templeton College) 1983 . 1965 . (Oxford Centre for Management Studies). 2005 . (Said Business School), . 2008 . ‑ (Green College) ‑‑. . . .
[291] (2001) , 1990‑ 2000‑ ., ‑, . NASDAQ, ‑ . . . .
[292] , . . .
[293], (Jacob Viner, 18921970) , , . (The Utility Concept in Value Theory and its Critics, 1925). . .
[294], (Henry Calvert Simons, 18891946) , , . : (Personal Income Taxation: The definition of income as a problem of fiscal policy, 1938); (Economic Policy for a Free Society, 1948); (Federal Tax Reform, 1950). . .
[295], (Alvin Harvey Hansen; 18871975) . . : ‑ (Business‑Cycles Theory, 1927); (Economic Policy and Full Employment, 1947); (Business Cycles and National Income, 1951). . .
[296] , (Gottfried Haberler; 19001995) ‑ . . : : (Prosperity and Depression: A theoretical analysis of cyclical movements, 1937); (International Trade and Economic Development, 1959); (Money in the International Economy, 1965). . .
[297]A Note on the Pure Theory of Consumers Behavior (1938). . . .
[298]Interactions Between the Multiplier Analysis and the Principle of Acceleration (1939) . . .
[299]Foundations of Economic Analysis. . . .
[300] , , (Ph. D.) (, , , .). , , , , . . .
[301] , , , . (, , ). . .
[302]The stability of equilibrium: Linear and non‑linear systems (1942). . . .
[303], (18041851), . . .
[304] . . . .
[305]Economics: An Introductory Analysis. . . .
[306] . . (1964). 1990‑ ., , . . . .
[307]The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure (1954). . . .
[308], (Robert Dorfman, 19162002) . . : (Waiting and the Period of Production, 1959); (Prices and Markets, 1967); (An Economic Interpretation of Optimal Control Theory, 1969). . .
[309]Linear Programming and Economic Analysis (1958). . . .
[310], (George Bernard Dantzig, 19142005) . . . .
[311], (19121986) , . , (1975, ). . .
[312], (Paul Robin Krugman, . 1953) . ‑ . . : (Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics, . 1986); (Trade Policy and Market Structure, 1989). . .
[313], (Franco Modigliani, 19182003) . (1985) . . .
[314], (Robert King Merton, 19102003) . . 1990‑ . . .
[315] . . .
[316]The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) . . .
[317], (Lawrence Robert Klein, . 1920) . (1980). : (The Keynesian Revolution, 1947); (Economic Theory and Econometric, 1985). . .
[318], (George Akerlof, . 1940) . 2001 . 19902000‑ . . .
[319] . . .
[320] ‑ (Louis LAmour, 19081988), 1950‑ . . . . .
[321], (Jerome Henry, 19172011) , , . 19301960‑ . . . .
[322], (Geoffrey Moore, 19141920) , . . 19691973 . . . . .
[323] 18701890 . . .
[324], (Jacob Wolfowitz, 19101981) ‑. , , . . . .
[325] , . . . .
[326], (Ayn Rand, . , 19051982) , , , . . . .
[327]Atlas Shrugged (1957). . . .
[328]The Fountainhead (1943). . . .
[329], (Joan Mitchell, 19261992) , . . . .
[330], (Leonard Garment, 19242013) . . . . .
[331], (Paul Adolph Volcker, . 1927) . 19791987 . . . . .
[332] ‑ (Dow Jones Industrial Average) . The Wall Street Journal Dow Jones & Company . . . . <