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Правила чтения гласных букв и буквосочетаний

Чтение гласных зависит от ряда факторов:

1) от типа слога, в котором она стоит (открытый, закрытый и т.п.);

2) от того, является она ударной или безударной;

3) от ее положения среди других букв, т.е. сколько и какие буквы следуют за ней или предшествуют ей.

Таблица чтения ударных и безударных гласных

Гласная

III

Безударн. слог

(открытый или условно – открытый) тип слога

(закрытый) тип слога

(гласная+ r)

(гласная + r + e)

A a

[eı] make

[æ] cat

[ɑ:] car

[ɛǝ] share

[ǝ] ago

E e

[ı:] Pete, we

[e] bed

[ǝ:] her

[ıǝ] here

[ǝ], [ı] absent, darkness

I i / Yy

[aı] time, type

[ı] sit, system

[ǝ:] girl

[aıǝ] fire, tyre

[ı] music, city

U u

[ju:] tube

[ʌ] cup

[ǝ:] burn

[juǝ] cure

[ǝ], [ju:] success, unite

O o

[ɔu] note

[ɔ] not

[ɔ:] short

[ɔ:] more

[ǝ], [ɔu] confer, metro

Тренировочные упражнения

1. Прочитайте слова.

A a

[eı] – name, late, lake, game, plane, mate

[æ] – tram, can, map, stand, plan, factory

[ɑ:] – hard, car, dark, start, party, farm

[ɛǝ] – share, rare, care, compare, prepare, hare

[ǝ] – ago, about, sofa, above, historical,legal

E e

[ı:] – he, she, we, be, week, repeat

[e] – get, egg, fell, let, tent, ten

[ǝ:] – her, term, verb, serve, prefer, person

[ıǝ] – here, mere, sphere, material, serial, period

[ı], [ǝ] – begin, return, ticket, sister, present, absent

I I / Y y

[aı] – time, type, my, mine, fly, fine

[ı] – it, ill, syntax, milk, system, wish

[ǝ:] – sir, bird, girl, dirty, Byrn, myrtle

[aıǝ] – fire, lyre, hire, wire, tired, satire

[ı] – engine, sorry, family, music, public, English

U u

[ju:] – tune, student, use, union, human, pupil

[ʌ] – cup, under, fun, uncle, butter, supper

[ǝ:] – burn, burst, turn, return, Turkey, furniture

[ju:] – pure, cure, lue, curious, during, secure

[ǝ] – success, difficult, upon, product, cucumber, luxury

O o

[ɔu] – home, hope, note, nose, rose, smoke

[ɔ] – not, got, clock, fond, dog, shop

[ɔ:] – or, nor, North, sport, lord, short

[ɔ:] – ore, more, shore, explore, before, store

[ɔu] – tomato, photo, metro, potato, negro,zero

2. Распределите слова по четырем колонкам, пользуясь правилами чтения гласных букв в ударном слоге.

Evening, morning, square, Rome, China, comrade, spring, summer, winter, duty, art, picture, try, enter, hurry, tired, write, report, well, prepare, whole, return, scenery, difficult, department, combine, time, during, term, parents, hope, spoke, store.

Таблица чтения буквосочетаний гласных

Буква	Буквосочетания	Звук	Примеры
A a	a ₊ ir ay, ai a ₊ n a ₊ f a ₊ s ₊ согласная a ₊ th a ₊ l a ₊ ll a ₊ lk w ₊ ar w (h) ₊ a aw a ₊ nge au (gh)	[ɛǝ] [eı] [ɑ:] [ɔ:] [wɔ] [ɔ:] [eı] [ɔ:]	air, hair, chair, pair, fair play, pay, say, day, today plant, branch, can't after, craft grass, class, fast, task path, rather, father half, palm all, ball, tall, call, small chalk, talk, walk war, warm, award, reward was, what, want, wash, watch law, saw, draw, strawberry change, strange, exchange author, autumn, daughter, caught
E e	ee, ea ea ₊ d, th, lth но: ea ₊ r ₊ согл. ear, eer ew ei er (в суффиксе) ey (под ударением) но: ey (в неударном слоге)	[ı:] [e] [ǝ:] [ıǝ] [ju:] [ı:] [ǝ] [eı] [ı]	see, meet, tree, green, sea, meat, tea head, dead, bread, death, health earn, earth, early, learn hear, near, ear, clear, dear, fear new, knew, newspaper, few ceiling, receive, deceive, seize worker, driver, painter they, grey, obey money, hockey, trolley
I i	ie (перед согласной) ie (в конце слова) igh i ₊ nd i ₊ ld	[ı:] [aı] [aı]	field, pierce, niece, brief, chief lie, tie, die night, fight, high, sigh, flight kind, find, mind, blind но: wind, window mild, child но: children
O o	oo ₊ n, l oo ₊ k ou ough ₊ t oa ow – в середине слова ow - в конце слова oy, oi o ₊ ld our our, ower o ₊ m, n, v, th ous or	[u:] [u] [au] [ɔ:] [ɔu] [au] [ou] [ɔı] [ou] [ɔ:] [auǝ] [ʌ] [u] [ǝ] [ǝ]	moon, soon, too, spoon look, book, took, cook house, round, out но: should, could bought, thought, brought coat, boat, soap, road, toast town, brown, down, power window, slow, row, snow, grow но: now, how choice, coin, boil old, cold, sold, hold, told four, court, course, your our, hour, shower, flower, tower some, among, money, glove, mother но: prove, move, movement famous, dangerous, various doctor, tractor, conductor
U u	ue после r, l ure - в открытом слоге после – s u – в закрытом слоге после f, p, b u - в открытом слоге после r, j	[ju:] [u:] [uǝ] [ʌ] [u] [u:]	due, sue, hue true, blue sure, surely но: sugar full, push, bush, bull rule, June, jubilee, rumour
Y y	перед гласной в начале слова в безударном положении на конце слова	[j] [ı]	yes, yet, year, yesterday city, money, holiday, lady, lazy, fifty

Тренировочные упражнения

1. Прочитайте слова.

[ı:] – we, week, weak, field, receive, he, seek, speak, piece, deceive

[ɑ:] – far, father, pass, ask, half, plant, hard, rather, grass, task, calm, can't

[ɔ:] – short, all, author, daughter, fought, war, door, fall, because, taught

[ɔu] – stone, boat, low, cold, spoke, soap, show, most, whole, know

[au] – found, how, round, now, out, down, South

[ɔı] – boil, toy, coin, joy, spoil, enjoy, soil, boy

[aı] – fine, fight, child, kind, sign, life, night, mild, mind, design

[eı] – make, rain, day, grey, eight, lake, wait, say, they, weigh, neighbour

[ǝ:] – person, shirt, curtain, early, world, term, skirt, burn, earn, worth

[ʌ] – must, love, young, blood, enough, cup, some, trouble, tough

[u:] – do, moon, group, move, spoon, rouble

[uǝ] – poor, moor, tour, tourist

[ɛǝ] – parents, pair, there, bear,spare, hair, where,pear

[ıǝ] – near, dear, here, mere

2. Подготовьте фонетическое чтение текста.

We have three meals a day: breakfast, dinner and supper. We usually do not have lunch. As a rule we have bread and butter, eggs, ham or sausage for breakfast. We also drink a cup of tea or coffee. I like strong coffee. I don't like coffee with milk. On weekdays we have our dinner at the canteen. The canteen is near our office. It's a self – service canteen. Usually we take salad, soup, beefsteak with vegetables or potatoes. For dessert we take stewed fruit. When we come home from work we have our supper: fish or meat, cheese, bread, butter and tea. We try to obey the rule: "Eat at pleasure, drink with measure".

2. Запишите парами слова, имеющие различное написание, но одинаковое звучание:

Our, meat, peace, cent, knew, too, sea, there, whole, fool, be, flower, week, their, see, two, new, sent, piece, meet, hole, full, hour, flour, weak, bee.

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