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FAQ

AndroidManifest.xml

㳿 . ' - ', , . ˳ Android iPhone. - .

, , .

 

: ;

;

; .

ϳ , , . . , .

 

1.

ղ

: Android, ; , .

 

Android , :

1. Java Development Kit (JDK) Java, Java (javac), Java, , , Java Runtime Environment, JRE (:http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp).

2. Eclipse IDE Java, Android- ( :http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/).

3. Android SDK (Software Development Kit) Android-, ( ࠠ ::http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html). Android SDK :

API Android SDK API- Android, ;

SDK;

Development Tools , , ;

Sample Code , Android.

4. Android Development Tools (ADT) , Android, Eclipse.

ADT Eclipse :

New Project Wizard, Android- ;

Layout Editor ;

, XML-.

, *. xe. ϳ JDK, Eclipse IDE Android SDK ADT. Eclipse Help | Install NewSoftware.

, , Add. location https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/. ϳ Eclipse.

' Eclipse Android SDK. Eclipse Window | Preferences, Android SDK location , Android SDK.

 

1.2

, SDK :

android , , , , AndroidSDK, 蠠 ;

Dalvik Debug Monitor Service (DDMS) Dalvik Virtual Machine, Android, , . , , , ' , , ;

Hierarchy Viewer , , . ³ View, ;

Layoutopt , . , ;

Draw 9- patch , NinePatch- ;

Sqlite3 SQLite, Android-;

Traceview , ;

Mksdcard , ' (, SD).

, Android SDK, : Path Android SDK (, C:\eclipse\adt\sdk\platform-tools C:\eclipse\adt\sdk\tools).

 

1.3 Android-

Android Virtual Device ( Android) ,'.

, .

Android- , AVD. AVD , .

AVD :

1. android.

2. Android SDK and AVD Manager. Android SDK Eclipse, Window | Android Virtual Device Manager. Android VirtualDevices New

Create new Android Virtual Device ( 1.1):

Name ;

Device ;

Target Android SDK, Android-;

Hardware keyboard present , , ';

Display a skin with hardware controls (home, menu, back ..). .

Memory Options , ;

Internal Storage ' ;

SD Card ', Size ;

Emulator Option Use Host GPU (Graphics processing unit) , Snapshot , ' , .

1.1 AVD

 

Android Virtual Device Manager Device Definitions NewDevice.

Name ';

Screen Size Resolution ( ) ( ) . ;

Sensors : (Accelerometer), (Gyroscope), GPS (ProximitySensor);

Cameras : Front , Rear

;

Input : Keyboard , DPad

, Trackball ;

RAM ' ;

Size (). Android4: small (<

3.55 in), normal (3.55 5 in), large (5 7.5in), xlarge (> 7.5 in);

Screen Ratio : long (, WQVGA, WVGA, FWVGA), nolong (, QVGA, HVGA, VGA);

Density . dp. ' . , 100×100px , 100×100dp .

7 : nodpi dp 1px, , ldpi ~ 120dpi, mdpi ~ 160dpi, hdpi ~ 240dpi, xhdpi ~ 320dpi, xxhdpi >400dpi, tvdpi mdpi hdpi (~213dpi);

Buttons (home, menu ): hardware ( ) software ( ).

Device State (Portrait Landscape ) (DPad Trackball).

 

Android

Android SDK 1.2.

蠠 Android Linux, , , .

 

1.2 Android SDK

 

, , /++, OpenGL, WebKit, FreeType, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), (libc), SQLite Media. , Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), , Linux. PocketVideo OpenCORE. ֳ -.

Surface Manager 2D 3D. WebKit . FreeType . SQLite , . , SQLite , ' Android. , SQLite, Android.

Dalvik Virtual Machine (Dalvik VM), Android . Dalvik VM. Java , .

Java , , , , (), ( , ..). Java. Android Google Skia, 2D , /++ 3D OpenGL ES, . , Android , . ' Android API Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, Wi-Fi ' (GSM), .

 

Java Android

, Android SDK: android.app ( ), android.bluethooth, android.content ( ), android.database ( ), android.gesture ( ), android.graphics, android.hardware ( ),

android.net (API ), android.location ( '), android.media, android.opengl, android.os ( : , , ), android.preference ( ), android.provider ( , android.content), android.sax ( API XML), android.speech ( ), android.telephony ( ), android.text (, , ), android.units, android.view, android.webkit (, ), android.widget ( ), com.google.android.maps ( Google). SDK .

 

Android-

Android-

Eclipse File|New|Project..., Android|Android Application Project Next. New Android Project :

Application name (' , ) SimpleProject;

Project name (' ' , ) SimpleProject;

Package name (' ) com.example.simpleproject;

Minimum Required SDK , API;

Target SDK API ( SDK);

Compile With Android;

Theme .


, Next

.

Create custom launcher icon, ;

Createactivity;

Mark this project as library, ;

Create Project in Workspace . .

. ϳ Next Finish.

䳿, Run ( 1.3). Android-.

 

1.3 ³ SimpleProject

 

1.6.2 Android-

ADT Android- , - Java- ( 1.4):


scr ,  ;

assets ;

res , ;

drawable , ;

anim , XML , , ;

layout , ( XML , );

menu , XML , , ;

values , , (, , ), XML ;

xml , XML , ;

raw , , ;

AndroidManifest.xml Android. , , (intent receiver) . , , , . , (instrumentation detail), .

MainActivity.java. package com.example.simpleproject; importandroid.os.Bundle;

import android.app.Activity; importandroid.view.Menu;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {


 

1.4 SimpleProject

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

}

public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu); return true;

}

}

( Package Name).

. , (extends) Activity. onCreate()

, .

super.onCreate (savedInstanceState) , .

setContentView (R.layout.activity_main) . ' res/layout/ ( activity_main.xml).

' lab.xml, : setContentView (R.layout.lab);

, .

activity_main.xml: ' ' ().

() , /res/values: strings.xml Add. , ' .

AndroidManifest.xml

Android- , . .

<manifest> , : xmlns:android ( Android) 젠 http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android, package ( ), android:versionCode ( ) android:versionName ( );

<uses-permission> , . ʳ . , <uses-permission android:name = "android.permission. RECEIVE_SMS"/>;

<permission> , , , ,: android:name (򠠠 ), android:label (' , ), android:description (), android:icon ( ), android:permissionGroup ( ) android:protectionLevel ();

<permission-tree> ' ();

<permission> ();

<instrumentation> ;

<uses-sdk> Android ( minSdkVersion);

<uses-configuration> ;

<uses-feature> , ;

<supports-screens> , ;

<application> , , . / , , , , , .. : <activity> android:name, android:label ( <activity> <Intent-filter>, -볺 Intent , , ,<action>,

<category>, <data>), <activity-alias> Activity,

<receiver> intent filter ( , , ), <service> intent - filter ( ), <provider>- , ,

<uses-library> .

Android- , : , , . 1.5.

 

1.5 ³

 

 

, ;

;

;

;

.

 

1. Android.

2. Dalvik VirtualMachine.


3. ³ API.

4. Java Android.

5. AVD ().

6. .

7. /res/values/.

8. AndroidManifest.xml.


 

2

Բ . Ͳ ² IJ

: , , .

 

2.1

(Activity). ( , View) , . , , , , , .

android- ᒺ View ViewGroup. View ViewGroup ᒺ View. ᒺ View . View () , . ViewGroup , , (layouts). ֳ View ViewGroup ( 2.1). Activity View ViewGroup.

. , -. onCreate() setContentView()


ࠠ 񠠠 . , mail.xml:

 

 

ViewGroup

 

 

 

ViewGroup

 

 

 

 

View

 

 

 

View

 

 

ViewGroup

 

 

 

 

View

 

 

 

View

 

 

 

View

 

 

View

 

 

 

 

View

 

 
             

2.1 View ViewGroup Activity

 

//

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main);

}

, ViewGroup:

FrameLayout;

LinearLayout;

TableLayout;

RelativeLayout.

.

FrameLayout

FrameLayout 젠 . , View ViewGroup. (2.2).

 

2.2 FrameLayout

 

. , . , : layout_width= match_parent layout_height=match_parent. - : match_parent ( ) wrap_content ( ). , : android:id, android:layout_width, android:layout_height, android:text.

FrameLayout , . . , , ( , .),


(, , , .).

, FrameLayout, 2.2.

<FrameLayout xmlns:android=http://schemas.android.com/ apk/res/android

android:layout_android:layout_height=match_parent>

<Button

android:id=@+id/b1 android:layout_heigth=match_parent android:layout_android:text=Button1

/>

<Button

android:id=@+id/b2 android:layout_heigth=wrap_content android:layout_android:text=Button2

/>

</FrameLayout>

LinearLayout

LinearLayout , android:orientation: horizontal, vertical.

, LinearLayout, 2.3.

2.3 LinearLayout

 

<LinearLayout xmlns:android=http://schemas.android.com/ apk/res/android

android:layout_android:layout_height=match_parent android:orientation=vertical>

<Button

android:id=@+id/b1 android:layout_heigth=wrap_content android:layout_android:text=Button1

/>

<Button

android:id=@+id/b2 android:layout_heigth=wrap_content android:layout_android:text=Button2

/>

</LinearLayout>

LinearLayout android: layout_weight, , ( , ).

, - . Android-.

TableLayout

TableLayout . TableLayout . TableLayout . . ᒺ TableRow. ᒺ View ViewGroup.

TableLayout , LinearLayout. TableLayout , ( 2.4).

, TableLayout, 2.4.

 

2.4 TableLayout

 

<TableLayout xmlns:android=http://schemas.andro id.com/apk/res/android

android:layout_android:layout_height=match_parent>

<TableRow androd:id=@+id/TR1

android:layout_heigth=wrap_content android:layout_width=match_parent>

<Button

android:id=@+id/b1 android:layout_heigth=wrap_content android:layout_android:text=1

/>

</TableRow>

<TableRow androd:id=@+id/TR2

android:layout_heigth=wrap_content android:layout_width=match_parent>

<Button

android:id=@+id/b4 android:layout_heigth=wrap_content android:layout_android:text=4

/>

</TableRow>

</TableLayout>

RelativeLayout

RelativeLayout ᒺ . RelativeLayout , , . XML-, , ᒺ , , . RelativeLayout , . , TextView button2, : android:layout_toLeftOf=@id/Button2. : android:layout_above, android:layout_below, android:layout_toLeftOf, andr oid:layout_toRightOf. : android:layout_ alignBaseline, android:layout_alignBottom, android: layout_alignLeft, android:layout_alignRight, andro id:layout_alignTop. : android:layout_alignParentBottom, android:layout_ alignParentLeft, android:layout_alignParentRight, android:layout_alignParentTop, android:layout_ centerHorizontal, android:layout_centerInParent, android:layout_centerVertical.

 

2.4RelativeLayout

 

2.3

ᒺ View, 䳿 . . Android , , , , , , , .

. : id, layout_width, layout_height, text, gravity.

android:id=@+id/view1, view1 id ; @ , XML ; + , , R.java, Android .

android:( ) android:( , - , ).

android:width wrap_content match_parent .

򠠠 ࠠ 󠠠 android:text=something 蠠 android:text= @string/res_str, res_str ( /res/values).

android:gravity(left, right, center .).

2.3.1 ³ TextView

TextView , ( 2.5). ³ TextView , (, , ). ,:

android:textSize( px, dp, sp, in, pt, mm);

android:textStyle(normal, bold, italic);

android:textColor ( #RRGGBB #AARRGGBB);

android:autoLink ( web, phone, email, map, all,none).

 

2.5 TextView

( *.java):

// id 1

TextView T1=(TextView) findViewById(R.id.T1);

// T1.setText(something);

2.3.1 ³EditText

EditText ( 2.6). getText() EditText. android:hint=Enter text . setSelection(). TextView.

 

2.6 ³ EditText

 

⠠ Android ScrollView HorizontalScrollView, ViewGroup. ֳ FrameLayout, , . , , ᒺ. LinearLayout .

³ ScrollView , . ScrollView , HorizontalScrollView .

// main.xml

<ScrollView

android:id=@+id/s_ver android:layout_android:layout_height=wrap_content >

<HorizontalScrollView android:id=@+id/s_hor android:layout_android:layout_height=match_parent >

// (, TextView)

<TextView

android:id=@+id/t android:layout_android:layout_height=wrap_content android:isScrollContainer=true />

</HorizontalScrollView>

</ScrollView>

// project.java

import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; importandroid.widget.TextView;

public class Project extends Activity{

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main);

TextView t=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.t); t.setText(); //

} }

2.3.3 ³

2.3.4 ³ ImageView. ImageView , . (

*.java):

setImageResource(int resId) ;

setImageURI(Uri im_uri) URI;

seyImageBitmap(Bitmap bitmap) .

ImageView setMaxHeight(), setMaxWidth(), getMinimumHeight(), getMinimumWidth(), getScaleType(), setScaleType().

XML- android:scr. /res/drawable/.

// 1 . ( pic1 *.xml)

<ImageView

android:id=@+id=image1 android:layout_android:layout_height=wrap_content android:scr=@drawable/pic1>

 

// 2 . ( *.xml, pic2 *.java)

// *.xml

<ImageView

android:id=@+id=image2 android:layout_android:layout_height=wrap_content>

// *.java

import android.widget.ImageView;

public class Progect extends Activity{

final ImageView image2 =(ImageView) findViewById (R.id.image2);

image2.setImageResource(R.drawable.pic2);

}

2.4 .

ϳ , . .

View , OnListener(), . . Android, View, , .

View :

OnClickListener;

OnLongListener;

OnFocusChangeListener;

OnKeyListener;

OnTouchListener;

OnCreateContextMenuListener.

, , (Activity) (, OnClickListener) (, onClick()), 䳿, 䳿 , , setOnClickListener.

Button

Button () ( 2.7). 䳿 onClick.

 

2.7 ³ Button

 

// *.xml

<Button

android:id=@+id/b1 android:height=wrap_content android:width=match_parent

 

android:text=Button 1>

// 1 . ( *.java)

import android.widget.*; import android.view.View;

public class Project extends Activity{ public void onCreate(Bundle state){

super.onCreate(state); setContentView(R.layout.main);

final Button b1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.b1); final Button b2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.b2); b1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){

public void onClick(View v){

// 䳿 1

}

});

b2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v){

// 䳿 2

}

});

}

}

 

// 2 . ( *.java)

import android.widget.*; import android.view.View;

public class Project extends Activity{ public void onCreate(Bundle state){

super.onCreate(state); setContentView(R.layout.main);

final Button b1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.b1); final Button b2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.b2); b1.setOnClickListener(b1_click); b2.setOnClickListener(b2_click);

}

public OnClickListener b1_click=new OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v){

// 䳿 1

}

};

public OnClickListener b2_click=new OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v){

// 䳿 2

}

};

}

 

 

// 3 . ( *.java)

//

import android.widget.*; import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

public class Project extends Activity implements OnClickListeber{

public void onCreate(Bundle state){ super.onCreate(state); setContentView(R.layout.main);

final Button b1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.b1); final Button b2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.b2); b1.setOnClickListener(this); b2.setOnClickListener(this);

}

public void OnClick (View v){ swith(v.getId()){

case R.id.b1:

// 䳿 1 break;

case R.id.b2:

// 䳿 2 break;

}

}

}

CheckBox

CheckBox ()

( 2.8). CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener.

 

2.8 ³ CheckBox

 

// *.xml

<CheckBox

android:id=@+id/cb1 android:height=wrap_content

 

android:android:text=CheckBox 1>

// *.java

import android.widget.CheckBox; importandroid.widget.CompoundButton;

public class Project extends Activity implements CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener{

public void onCreate(Bundle state){ super.onCreate(state); setContentView(R.layout.main);

final CheckBox cb1 = (CheckBox) findViewById (R.id.cb1);

final CheckBox cb2 = (CheckBox) findViewById (R.id.cb2);

cb1.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this); cb2.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);

}

public void OnCheckedChange (CompoundButton v, Boolean isChecked){

swith(v.getId()){ case R.id.cb1:

if(isChecked){ // 䳿 CheckBox 1} break;

case R.id.cb2:

if(isChecked){ // 䳿 CheckBox 2} break;

 

} }}

RadioButton

³ RadioButton () RadioGroup. RadioGroup ViewGroup , , , LinearLayout. . toggle(), . , , , isChecked() setChecked().

// *.xml

<RadioGroup Android:orientation=vertical

Android:layout_Android:layout_height=match_parent>

<RadionButton Android:id=@+id/r1

Android:layout_Android:layout_height=wrap_content Android:text=Mode 1>

</RadioGroup>

 

//*.java

import android.widget.*; import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

public class Project extends Activity implements OnClickListeber{

public void onCreate(Bundle state){ super.onCreate(state); setContentView(R.layout.main);

final RadioButton r1 = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.r1);

final RadioButton r2 = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.r2);

final RadioButton r3 = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.r3);

r1.setOnClickListener(this); r2.setOnClickListener(this); r3.setOnClickListener(this);

}

public void OnClick (View v){ swith(v.getId()){

case R.id.r1:

// 䳿 1 break;

} }}

 

Android- , ( RadioGroup) . EditText. LinearLayout. 2.9.


 

2.9

, ;

;

;

;

.

 

1. Android.

2. . .

3. Activity View.

4. .

5. ?

6. TextView.

7. .

8. ImageViw.

9. Android-.

10. Button.

11. CheckBox.

12. RadioButton.


 

3 Բ .

: - .

 

3.1 ³-

, 璺 . 璺 ArrayAdapter<T>, :

String[] db = {s1, s2, s3}; ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter

<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, db);

ArrayAdapter :

ᒺ Context , Activity;

, , android.R.layout (simple_list_item, simple_spinner_ dropdown_item, simple_gallery_item, simple_list_item_ checked);

List<T>ᒺ .

3.1.1 ³AutoCompleteTextView

³ AutoCompleteTextView . ³ EditText, . ³ , , android:completionThreshold.


󠠠 砠 젠 setAdapter().

// *.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android. com/apk/res/android"

android:layout_android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical" >

<TextView

android:id="@+id/t1" android:layout_android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Choice:" />

<Button

android:id="@+id/b1" android:layout_android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="OK" />

<AutoCompleteTextView android:id="@+id/mylist" android:layout_android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:completionThreshold="3" />

</LinearLayout>

 

// *.java

import android.os.Bundle; import android.app.Activity; import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.*;

import android.text.*;

 

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements TextWatcher, OnClickListener{

private TextView t1;

private AutoCompleteTextView mylist;

private String[] db = {"Jacob Anderson", "Joseph Godwin", "Joshua Harrison", "Emma Lawson"};

 

 

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

 

t1=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.t1);

mylist = (AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.mylist);

mylist.addTextChangedListener(this); mylist.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>

(this, android.R.layout.simple_dropdown_item_1line, db));

 

Button b1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.b1); b1.setOnClickListener(this);

}

 

public void afterTextChanged(Editable s){

// TODO Auto-generated methodstub

}

 

public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

 

public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

 

public void onClick(View arg0) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

if (arg0.getId()==R.id.b1) t1.setText(mylist.getText());

}

}

 

 

3.1 AutoCompleteTextView

 

3.1.2 ³ MultiAutoCompleteTextView

³ MultiAutoCompleteTextView , 頠

AutoCompleteTextView. ³ , . setTokenizer():

MultiAutoCompleteTextView mylist = (MultiAutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.mylist); mylist.addTextChangedListener(this);

 

mylist.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String> (this, android.R.layout.simple_dropdown_item_1line, db));

 

//

Mylist.setTokenizer(new MultiAutoCompleteTextView. CommaTokenizer());

 

3.1.3 ³ListView

³ . ListView ᒺ ListAdapter. AutoCompleteTextView ListActivity Activity. 璺 ᒺ ListActivity , ListAdapter. Android : SimpleAdapter ( 璺 ), SimpleCursorAdapter ( ).

 

// *.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android. com/apk/res/android"

android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" >

<TextView

android:id="@+id/t1" android:layout_android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

<ListView

android:id="@android:id/list" android:layout_android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

// *.java

import android.os.Bundle; import android.app.Activity;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.app.ListActivity; import android.widget.*;

import android.view.View;

 

public class MainActivity extends ListActivity {

private String[] db = {"Jacob Anderson", "Joseph Godwin", "Joshua Harrison", "EmmaLawson"};

private TextView t1;

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); t1=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.t1);

setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String> (this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,db));

}

 

public void onListItemClick(ListView p, View v, int position, longid){

t1.setText(db[position]);

}

 

}

 

3.2 ListView

3.1.4

- , . . 璺 SimpleAdapter SimpleCursorAdapter. SimpleAdapter :

 

SimpleAdapter(this, list, R.layout.main, new String[] {items.item1, items.item2, }, newint[]

{R.id.item1, R.id.item2, })

 

. -, ϲ . main.xml TextView name phone ( ). , , Items.java.

 

// Items.java

package com.samples.ui.lab; import java.util.HashMap;

public class Items extends HashMap<String, String>{ private static final long serialVersionUID=1L; public static final String NAME = name; public static final String PHONE = phone; public Items(String name, String ph

<== | ==>
, | Gv.setOnItemClickListener(this);
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