: - , .
- , Q, S
|
, - :
P I 2 R UI cos Re U I; P . | (2.1) |
Q , - :
Q I 2 X UI sin Im U I; Q . | (2.2) |
10
S , - , - cos = 1:
S U I P 2 Q 2; S . | (2.3) |
|
(. 2.1, ), RL L, UR , UL 90 (. 2.1, ).
. 2.1 | |||
| |||
. 2.2 |
(. 2.1, ) (. 2.1, ) (. 2.1, ). , - - , , - .
:
(2.5) |
11
R L
, X L
-
.
:
S U I P 2 Q 2, L | (2.6) |
P U R I
; Q L
U L I
-
.
, RC (. 2.2, ), UR - , U - 90 (. 2.2, ). . 2.2, , . - , - , - RL L.
. 2.3 | - - (. 2.3) - - - . - , - . |
. :
|
|
~ n * * n 2 2 2 S (E K I K U K J K ) I K R K jI K (X LK X CK), K 1 K 1 | (2.7) | |||
n E K I * K K 1 |
; | |||
n U K J * K K 1 | ; | |||
12
n I 2 R K K K 1 | ; | |
n jI 2 (X X) K LK CK K 1 | . |
1. . 2.1, , I, U, P, - . 2.1.
2. . 2.2, , K540 I, U, P
, . 2.1.
3. . 2.3; I, U, P - K540, . 2.1.
4. (.. 1 2), RL L RC C. . 2.1.
5. . 2.1, . 2.2, , ( . 3.1, ), - ( . 2.2, ), (. 2.1, 2.2, ).
6. RL, L, RC, C, R - , . 2.3.
. - P, Q, S . - . (P, I, K540).
2.1
U, B | I, A | P, | R L(C), | S, B | Z, | Q, BAp | XL, | L, | ,º | XC, | C, |
13
P L () R L () 2; I L () | (2.1) |
(2.5) | |
S U I P 2 Q 2; L () | (2.6) |
X L() L ( ) arctg R; L() | (2.8) |
L X L; | (2.9) |
C 1. X C | (2.10) |
:
. 2.1, , 2.2, , 2.3;
. 2.1;
.. 4, 5, 6;
.
2.2
1 | L1 | R = 10 | = 40 |
2 | L1 | R = 50 | = 50 |
3 | L1 | R = 30 | = 70 |
4 | L1 | R = 10 | = 90 |
5 | L1 | R = 50 | = 120 |
6 | L1 | R = 10 | = 150 |
1. , ? ?
14
2. - ? ? ?
3. ?
4. ?
|
|
5. ?
6. ?
7. , , - - ?
8. , , R L?
9. , , , - ?
10. ?
3
: - .
, - , - , . - , , , , .
(. 3.1), XL XC , - .
15
. 3.1 |
XL XC (ωL = 1/ωC) - , - .
1. P LC | (3.1) |
(. . 3.1) :
I U, R 2 (X L X C)2 | (3.2) |
U | ; | ||
R = RL + RC | . |
(3.2), - , - : Z = R.
( f) - UL UC, XL, XC X, - I, , , - . . 3.2.
1. . 3.1.
2. (1012 , - f), . . 3.1.
16
. 3.2 |
3. , .
3.1 :
R R L R C ; | (3.3) |
X L L; | (3.4) |
X 1; C C | (3.5) |
X X L X C ; | (3.6) |
17
U L X L I; | (3.7) |
U Ѡ X I; | (3.8) |
arctg X L X C. R | (3.9) |
. - (RL L) (RC ) 2.
4. . 3.1 3.1.
5. .
6. :
XL < XC;
XL = XC;
XL > XC.
3.1
| |||||||||||
f, | U, B | I, A | P, | R, | XL, | XC, | , | UL,B | UC, B | ,º | |
:
(. . 3.1);
|
|
. 3.1;
.. 3, 4, 5, 6 - ;
.
3.2
1 | L1 | = 40 |
2 | L1 | = 50 |
3 | L1 | = 70 |
4 | L1 | = 90 |
5 | L1 | = 120 |
6 | L1 | = 150 |
18
1. , - . ?
2. , - ?
3. (. . 3.1) .
4. , - , ?
4