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Marcia L. Buck, PharmD, FCCP, FPPAG, BCPPS Pediatr Pharm. 2018;24(7)

. 2 , () () . FDA 1999 , , - [1]. 2005 4 . 2007 , . - 6 . - , 1 4 ; 2014 12 -. , , . , 2

. 2017 Pediatric Neurology, Shellhaas 495 17 [2]. , , . 291 464 (63%) , (14%), (12%), (3,4%) (2,8%). , , 62% 2 . 90 163 (55%), 6- , 1 . , , 30,7% . , , , .

. 2 -. Zhang - 13 , , 1013 [3]. 11 2 16 , 2 . 5 , 3 , 3 , , , . . 50% .

(RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.011.16, p = 0.35). , , (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.031.31, p = 0.3). , (RR 0.9, CI 95% 0.771.06, p = 0.22). . .

2018 Rosalti - , [4]. 46 5652 . 22 . ( 50% ) , . 9 . (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.37.6 and OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.15.8, ).

. Muramatsu 49 , 2 , ( 10,6 + 5 ) [5]. 38 // ( 8 -87 //) 6 , 18 (37%) 50% , 13 . 9 50%. 20 (41%) , 2 .

, , , , , IQ < 70. 36 , 9 (25%) 50%. , (78%) . 7 (14%) . , .

, (TBI) . , Chung and O'Brien , TBI . 34 ( 5 16 , 6 ) 20 //. 6 (17%) , 2 . , , , (2-15%). TBI .

. . Arzimanoglou , UCB Pharma, , [6]. 101 1 11 ( 6 ). (68%) , 41% - , . 15287 , - 4616 // ( 16 88 //). (80%) , (34%), (26%), (23%) (20%).

85 , , 72% , 19% , 9% . 55 (54%) 1 , 5 . 2 2 . , , . - , , . . FDA .

2 . 2017 Venkatesan Cincinnati Children's Hospital - () [7]. 127 , 2008 2015 , 83 . 80 ; 51 (61%) . 32 , , 27 (84%). . , , 63 /. 65 //. . , ().

2018 Grinspan Early Life Epilepsy Study , [8]. , 2012 2015 , 17 . 155 , , 1 12 ( 4,7 ). , , 3- , 2 , , 47/117 (40%) 6/38 (16%), , p = 0.01. .

. [1, 9, 10]. , 20-50% 1 . (19%), (13%), (9-13%), (11%), (10%), , (7%). , . , , 10- [9] (DRESS-) 9- . , [10].

. ( 6) (behavioral adverse effects, BAEs) 10 ; . Shellhaas 43 291 (43%), , BAEs [2]. , .

-, BAEs , , 2017 Marino et al Annals of Pharmacotherapy [11]. 50 ( 10.2 2.77 ) , . 30 , 7 // ( 350 /). (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI). BAEs, , , , . 0 54 , BAEs. CDI, -, () .

, CDI . (). : 38.6 2.12 // , , 39.2 7.4 // , . BAEs , . 25% + 20% ֻ BAEs . BAEs 7.4 2.8 7.68 2.86 2 . , , 66% BAEs, , , 8% ( < 0,001). CDI 12 + - 82% 19 , ֻ (29%, < 0,001). BAEs 9 3 . , .

. , 20-60 //. , , , . 2014 , 74 6 , [13]. , 11- , 2 , , 1 [14].

Clinical Neuropharmacology 2017 Kartal , 7- [14]. 40 //, - , 200 // 55 . , . , . 5 , . 1 .

. 4 2 . Lyttle et al EcLiPSE, [15]. , 308 6 , (20 /) (40 /). , , .

Dalziel et al -convulsive status epilepticus pediatric trial (ConSEPT) [16]. 200 3 16 , , . , EcLiPSE. 5 , 2 , , , .

. . , . 2 , . , .

1. Levetiracetam. Drugs@FDA. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=021035 (accessed 6/30/18).

2. Shellhaas RA, Berg AT, Grinspan ZM, et al. Initial treatment for non-syndromic early-life epilepsy: an unexpected consensus. Pediatr Neurol 2017;75:739.

3. Zhang L, Wang C, Li W. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on levetiracetam in the treatment of pediatric patients with epilepsy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018;14:76979.

4. Rosati A, Ilvento L, Lucenteforte E, et al. Comparative efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis. Epilepsia 2018;59:297314.

5. Muramatsu K, Sawaura N, Ogata T, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam for pediatric refractory seizures. Brain Devel 2017;39:2315.

6. Chung MG, O'Brien NF. Prevalence of early posttraumatic seizures in children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury despite levetiracetam prophylaxis. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016;17:1506.

7. Arzimanoglou A, Lösch C, Garate P, et al. Safety of levetiracetam among infants younger than 12 months: results from a European multicenter observational study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016;20:36875.

8. Venkatesan C, Young S, Schapiro M, et al. Levetiracetam for the treatment of seizures in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. J Child Neurol 2017;32;2104.

9. Grinspan ZM, Shellhaas RA, Coryell J, et al. Comparative effectiveness of levetiracetam vs phenobarbital for infantile epilepsy. JAMA Pediatr 2018;172:35260.

10. Erdogan S, Bosnak M. Hallucination: a rare complication of levetiracetam therapy. North Clin Istanb 2017;4:2679.

11. Bayram AK, Canpolat M, Cinar SL, et al. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome induced by levetiracetam in a pediatric patient. J Emerg Med 2016;50:e61e66.

12. Marino S, Vitaliti G, Marino SD, et al. Pyridoxine add-on treatment for the control of behavioral adverse effects induced by levetiracetam in children: a case-control prospective study. Ann Pharmacother 2018;52:6459.

13. Bodmer M, Monte AA, Kokko J, et al. Safety of non-therapeutic levetiracetam ingestions: a poison center-based study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011;20:3669.

14. Lewis JC, Albertson TE, Walsh MJ. An 11-year review of levetiracetam ingestions in children less than 6 years of age. Clin Toxicol 2014;52:9648.

15. Kartal A. Can high-dose levetiracetam be safe? A case report of prolonged accidental high-dose levetiracetam administration and review of the literature. Clin Neuropharm 2017;40:2178.

16. Lyttle MD, Gamble C, Messahel S, et al. Emergency treatment with levetiracetam or phenytoin - the EcLIPSE study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017;18:283. DOI 10.1186/s13063-017-2010-8.

17. Dalziel SR, Furyk J, Bonisch M, et al. A multicenter randomized controlled trial of levetiracetam versus phenytoin for convulsive status epilepticus in children (protocol): convulsive status epilepticus pediatric trial (ConSEPT) a PREDICT study. BMC Pediatr 2017;17;152. DOI 10.1186/s12887-017-0887-8.

 



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