I . , , , . .. , U H , , , S.
, :
1) , - -.
2) , .. , , .
1- , , DH- < 0.
2- , ΔS > 0.
S , .
: S = K lnW /K, 堠
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R = 8,314 /
N A = 6,02 1023 -1 - .
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, , :
- , -
- , W
1. 4 N2 4 2 1
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2. 3 N2 1 2 3 2 1 N2 16
3. 2 N 2 2 2 2 2 2 N 2 36 -
, -
4. 1N2 32 12 3N2 16
5. 42 4N2 1
1- 5- - .
.., , , , , .
. (.. ), .
, S D S .
Δ S > 0
Δ S > 0
Δ S > 0.
, D H < 0 D S > 0.
, , S, (), , , .
, .. .
:
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( ) ( ). .
.
, , (). .
D U = Q - A = Q - A - p D V. :
Q = D U + p D V +
ΔΗ
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Q = ΔH + A .
Δ S = Q / T, ࠠ Q = TΔS 蠠 TΔS = ΔH + A .
. = Δ S - ΔH = - (Δ - Δ S).
, (.. . > 0), Δ - ΔS < 0.
S , ( , - ), G:
G = H - TS,
, :
ΔGo - = Go - Go ()
:
ΔG = ΔH TΔS .
𠠠
, (.. ) .
.
ΔG < 0, , ,
Δ - ΔS .
Δ G > 0, , , ΔG < 0.
Δ G = 0, , .