Can , , , .
In fact, a digital signal can be transmitted over a packet network , .
Could .
Bill Gates could write computer programs when he was in the 8th grade? , 8 .
Be able to ( , ) can , , , , -ing .
The software developers will be able to design a bespoke solution for you .
I was able to access all my information .
17. .
Mobile enterprise apps can change the way companies do business. Instead of clunky laptops or stacks of paper, employees can use tablet computers in meetings to provide a visual snapshot of products or projections. Salespeople can access up-to-the-minute inventory data needed to make a sale. They can also instantly record transactions in the companys system as they happen, rather than waiting until the end of the week when they can forget vital information.
May / might can , may .
A receiver for an analog communication may include a signal filtering bank and signal demodulation .
18. .
Now that virtualization has entered the enterprise computing ( ) sphere, hardware configuration can be more complicated than ever. Devices may need installation at several layers of the virtualization stack ( ), and the system administrator may need to formulate policies () that allow the hardware to be shared securely and fairly.
Must , , , , , . , , . must: have to be to, , .
The electricity must always be switched off before repairing the device .
Must not (mustn t) , , .
The departments mustn t change their software without notification .
19. .
As the wireless network expands, the growth in mobile digital services will place increasing pressure on the radio frequency spectrum a limited resource. European R&D must develop innovative approaches and new standards that optimize how networks and devices use radio frequency. The spectrum must be managed well and shared fairly between operators and technologies. Research in this area must look at industry standards and new techniques that can squeeze more and more data into the airwaves. Systems today and in the future must deliver the kinds of services and functionality that consumers and businesses demand, but at a competitive price.
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Should / ought to .
You should study the instruction .
20. .
But the logistics of setting up an app system has other challenges as well. Should apps be outsourced or created in-house? Should the company create an internal program, similar to iTunes, where apps can be downloaded? How should you ensure updates are continually installed onto devices? And, most importantly, how do you persuade employees to use apps?
Must / can / could / may / might / should .
| Must | Should, can | May, might, could |
Must should, , , .
There must be some mistake. We did not order this application , . . He should be in the office now / .
Can , , , .
The number of calls to the IT Helpdesk can be very high IT .
Could / may / might , - , . , .
The application is very slow. There could be bugs in it . , .
Can / could / may / might , , .
| Less for-mal | Offers () | Requests () | Suggestions () |
| Can I help you? ? | Can you test this application for bugs? ? | We can discuss the tests results tomorrow | |
| We could do that for you | Could you change our operating system? ? | You could use modular software applications | |
| More for-mal | May I help you? ? Might I be of some assistance? - ? | You might replace the legacy software for us | We might buy an off-the-shelf system |
Can , (could / may / might ).
Can I use your phone? Yes, of course you can/No, Im afraid you cant ? , /, .
must, ought, may (might) Perfect Infinitive (have + Ved) , .
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Mercury must have lost most of its atmosphere while it was still hot , , .
A positive particle moving upward may have produced this track , , , .
5.2. , :
need, would
to need (, ) , , ( hardly, scarcely ) , , .
New motors are needed for this work ; you need hardly remind me of it .
would , , , .
In the near future, there would be a great demand for computer specialists , , -.
. , would (. . 6), .
Man always thought that he would conquer space , .
Would (= used to) .
In summer, if the weather was fine, we would all get up early and go for a swim , , , , .
Would , , .
He wouldn t listen to me, and I wanted to warn him! ( , ), !
Would 2- .
Would you mind to show me your contactless payment system? , , ?
21. .
1. A data template ( ) in the software needs to be constructed before the end of next month. 2. About 50 years ago pilots would fly only in good weather. 3. They would walk streets for hours. 4. A voltmeter would read 8 volts. 5. There was something wrong with computer, it wouldn`t switch on. 6. You needn`t have done it. 7. The train ought to have left. 8. You might have told me about it long ago. 9. This theorem may have been proved centuries ago. 10. The requirement may have been met in the previous experiment.
. , : to be able (. ), it is necessary (), to be bound (, , , ; ). shall , (, ).
22. .
1. The central systems must handle many functions. 2. The following factors must be considered. 3. You must not execute the model code in this manner. 4. Time available has to be used for processing lower priority tasks. 5. A real time program does not have to differ from the planned one. 6. You should study the instruction. 7. The evolution of the computer hardware is to influence programming languages. 8. The Internet is to offer a rapidly growing collection of information. 9. It is necessary to develop a new model. 10. Much work can be accomplished on such a terminal without keyboarding information. 11. The new device would become more powerful. 12. Space rockets are bound to assist in advancing our knowledge of the universe. 13. The mouse is bound to disappear in the next few years. 14. We also need not to be able to combine these two values. 15. Man shall not live by bread alone.
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23. .
Before you buy a laptop
As a mobile office worker you want a laptop that you can take with you easily. You need to be able to connect to the Internet and company networks in a variety of methods. The next important criteria when you buy a laptop are size and weight. The best choices for mobile office workers are thin & light laptops. Laptops meant () to replace desktop systems may be too heavy to carry for long periods of time but can provide features valuable to mobile professionals. Mobile office workers must accept that their laptop will be a prime target for theft. Making the decision for a laptop that includes security options can save you money and grief. As with all technology, mobile office technology is constantly changing and improving. If your laptop can't be upgraded it can become a hindrance () rather than an effective tool. And sometime you could be left without an efficient means of connecting to your company network or the Internet.
Installing and upgrading software
When new software is purchased, it must be installed and tested, often under several operating systems and on several types of hardware. Once the software is working correctly, users must be informed of its availability and location. As patches ( ) and security updates are released, they must be incorporated into the local environment. Local software and administrative scripts should be properly managed in a way thats compatible with the native upgrade procedures used on systems at your site. As this software evolves, new releases should be tested before being deployed to the entire site.
6.
| 0 | , . / | (Present) If you press this key / | (Present) the game starts |
| I | , | (Present) If we buy this application | (Future) will/modal verbs we will get a discount |
| II | , , | (Past Indefinite or Continuous) If they chose option 1 1 | would (should) + Infinitive (V)/ modal verbs it would cost more |
| III | , , | (Past Perfect) had Ved (III) If we had changed our operating system last month | would (should) + have Ved (III)/ modal verbs we would have used a single database () |
! were .
: if , unless , provided / providing (that), on condition (that) , ( 3- ).
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, : were, had, should, could, might ( ). ..., .
Were the systems compatible, there wouldn t be a problem , .
, : If we were still using the old server, we could have lost all our data yesterday (2- 3- ).
24. , .
a) Even if you are not talking on your cell phone, your phone is constantly sending and receiving information, so that the cell phone system knows which cell your phone is in. If someone tries to call you, the tower sends your phone a message over the control channel. The control channel also provides the pathway for SMS messages. If a friend sends you an SMS message, the message flows through the SMSC, then to the tower, and the tower sends the message to your phone as a little packet of data on the control channel. In the same way, if you send a message, your phone sends it to the tower on the control channel and it goes from the tower to the SMSC and from there to its destination.
b) Dont expect users to report problems to you unless the issues are severe. If network operators arent already addressing these challenges, they should be. If you've been in an airport, coffee shop, library or hotel recently, you might have been right in the middle of a wireless network. Unless you're looking for a place to use your laptop, you may not even notice when you're in a hotspot. Provided that they all have wireless adapters, several devices can use one router to connect to the Internet. If the router fails or if too many people try to use high-bandwidth applications at the same time, however, users can experience interference or lose their connections.
c) If you already have several computers networked in your home, you can create a wireless network with a wireless access point. If you have several computers that are not networked, or if you want to replace your Ethernet network, you'll need a wireless router. If your home is very large, you can buy inexpensive range extenders or repeaters to increase your router's range. If you set your router to create an open hotspot, anyone who has a wireless card will be able to use your signal.
25. , .
a) What would happen if there was a long outage? If there was a comms (= telecoms) outage we would switch to the back-up service. We would contact the PTT to carry out false finding. If we lost power, our own back-up power systems would start and we wouldn't lose power at all. If there were a problem with the cooling systems, our managers would see alarms about that before it affected the equipment. So your downtime would be a matter of minutes.
b) 1. Should we fail to replace the legacy hardware we would have problems with compatibility. 2. Were there a problem with one of the servers we would isolate it and change it straight away. 3. Had one telecoms service lost connectivity they would have used the other network POP. 4. Had the air conditioning gone wrong the temperature alarm would have gone off. 5. Should anything terrible occur at least you would have a copy of all your data in another place. 6. Unless other conditions are defined specifically, we shall use the term state to represent an equilibrium state. 7. The system will fail to perform unless the requirements are satisfied. 8. The experiments show agreement with theory provided the conditions are met. 9. Given reliable data, it was possible to determine the reaction rate.
26. .
Wi-Fi Hotspots
If you want to take advantage of public Wi-Fi hotspots or start a wireless network in your home, you'll need to make sure your computer has the right wireless gear. Most new laptops and many new desktop computers come with built-in wireless transmitters. If your laptop doesn't, you'll have to buy a wireless adapter that plugs into the PC card slot or USB port.
Once you've installed your wireless adapter and the drivers that allow it to operate, your computer should be able to automatically discover existing networks. This means that if you turn your computer on in a Wi-Fi hotspot, the computer will inform you that the network exists and ask whether you want to connect to it. If you have an older computer, you may need to use a software program to detect and connect to a wireless network.
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, , . .
1. IT
It ( , , , , , , . .), ( ), : It is a book. It is on the shelf. Read it / . . .
it , . it , , , , , , . it .
It is winter. It is cold. It is 10 o`clock now . . C 10 .
It is expected that software will be cheaper , .
27. , it.
1. It is necessary, to test these devices. 2. It is known that the inductance is measured in henries. 3. It is proposed to help computers read and use the Web in a more sophisticated way. 4. It was necessary to see that all of the beam was utilized. 5. Its a bit embarrassing charging my phone in a customers office. 6. Its not very convenient only being able to access all information when Im in the office. 7. It is necessary to subtract one vector from another or to find their vector difference. 8. It is helpful for a network administrator to know the pros and cons of different network topologies when putting together a network. 9. It was obvious that something important had happened. 10. It is surprising that such a simple measure should give such constant information. 11. It is difficult to explain how cosmic rays could have crossed such distance to the Earth.
, it .
Using the concept of gesture recognition ( ), it is possible to point finger at the computer screen so that the cursor will move accordingly.
! It . .
A television telephone makes it possible to see a person at the other end of the line.
2. :
IT IS/WAS THAT/ WHICH/ WHO/ WHEN
| It is / was + , + that / which / who |
, .
It was this device that (which) formd the basis for the telephone industry .
It was Popov who demonstrated the practical application of electromagnetic radio waves ( ) .
! : It is possible that the problem will be solved , .
28. , .
1. It is the computer which provides the key to the fully automation of the future. 2. It was this device that was ultimately ( ) successful and that formed the basis of telephony industry for many years. 3. It was he who informed us about the results of their work. 4. It is perhaps for this reason that their results are not acceptable. 5. It is this last category that is of interest to us. 6. It is this question that we are interested in. 7. It is exactly this technology that will do () for our purpose. 8. It is Borland (a software company) which makes programming environments, notably for C++ and Java. 9. It is a character based system that requires the entry of commands on a command line. 10. It is a viewpoint that I cannot adequately describe in a few words.
it ist... that it was not until... that (when, where). , , , .
29. .
1. It was not until the 17th century that man began to understand pressure. 2. It was not until 1930 that third type of particles that make up atoms was discovered. 3. It was not until around 1610 when Galileo first observed Saturn through his telescope. 4. It was not until the late 1920s and 1930 that the social dimensions of the device became a prominent theme in telephone advertisements. 5. It wasn`t until the rise of personal electronic devices that the demand for wireless power materialized.
3. ONE
3.1. One -
One , - . one , , .
30. , one.
1. One of the problems has been solved with the help of the electronics in space communications. 2. The attractions between gas molecules are very slight ones. 3. Electronics is not a static field of study, but a dynamic one. 4. Like most others technological advances, the computer is one that can be used for good or ill. 5. One of the transistors is known as a floating gate, and the other one is the control gate.
3.2. one
one , , one must , one should / ought to , one can / may , one cannot .
One should use a new method, not the old one , .
! one 3 .
If one wants some information to be sent rapidly one sends it by computer /- , , .
31. , one.
1. One can easily imagine how wide can be the use of a miniature radiotelephone. 2. One can easily solve a difficult problem using a computer. 3. To file the documents one should collect them together and arrange them into alphabetical order. 4. One ought to know that the electric cell is a device that transforms chemical energy into electrical. 5. One should know gallium arsenide has a much higher electron mobility than germanium and silicon. 6. One must know that a high frequency current radiates electromagnetic energy. 7. One may say that the cloud and cloud computing are among the buzz words of the year. 8. One cannot say that the concept of cloud computing is new. 9. One might have to be a little careful about this. 10. One believes that this device is simple. 11. One would think that multimode fiber would have a greater carrying capacity; however, just the opposite is true. 12. One regards this method as being unacceptable.
4. THERE
There, , , , , . , : to arise , , to appear , , to come , , to enter , to exist , to live , to follow , to remain , to seem , to take place .
There still remained much work to do .
32. .
1. There followed a new series of experiments. 2. There appear to be no exceptions in the data in Table 1. 3. With the discovery of laser and the development of coherent optics there appeared a new way of concentrating energy in plasma.
5. THIS (THESE); THAT (THOSE) (+OF) -
- , , .
33. , .
1. The main contacts of a switch are called poles. These are connected when the switch is on. 2. A semiconductor is a material whose electrical conductivity is between that of a conductor and that of an insulator.3. Heat capacity of alcohol is less than that of mercury. 4. This group of substances has an importance as a class of materials comparable with that of metals. 5. An area of much interest in recent years is that referred to as artificial intelligence. 6. Planetary theory was not developed to the same degree as that of the Moon.
6. THE FORMER, THE LATTER
- the former ( ), the latter ( ).
Although liquids and gases are both fluids, the density of the former is slightly influenced by changes in pressure and temperature , , .
When an electron current flows along a conductor the latter becomes heated , (/) .
34. .
1. In the former case the characters should show great similarity; in the latter case they should show great diversity. 2. There are three important effects accompanying the motion of electric charges: the heating, the magnetic, and chemical effects, the latter is manifested under special conditions.
7.
To complete this experiment will not take much time .
, . .
To automate a series of tasks within an application,users can create a macro , .
35. , .
1. To fulfil the required condition was out of my power. 2. To measure the velocity of cathode rays was one of the objects of Thomson`s work. 3. To transmit a message requires some energy. 4. To convert an analog signal into digital form requires a process of sampling (, ). 5. To connect two plates with copper wire means to form a path for electron flow. 6. To move from one astronomical body to another means to overcome gravitations forces. 7. To give the automatic solution of the set of problems is the main task of a computer. 8. To conduct an experiment of this kind seems nearly impossible. 9. To solve the problem would justify all the costs. 10. To move from packet based services to the internet protocol means everyone expects to communicate voice, data and video from anywhere to anywhere, globally.
8.
, , . . , , . , , . .
Translating from one language to another has been accomplished by computer .
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| Indefinite | Perfect | |
| Active | writing | having written |
| Passive | being written | having been written |
Indefinite Gerund , -.
